Recruitment Software Specification Essay Example for Free

Recruitment Software Specification EssayFeatures Functionalities of Recruitment mechanisation Software This is an software for the placement consultants who call on for their clients to recruit the best massdi era for them. This software will have three different management systems, namely aspect focal point, Client Management and Recruiters Management. Also there will be master admin who can control all these activities. Some optional modules can also be suggested for the better management of the system.The features and functionalities1. Candidate Managementa. All the candidates data can be stored in the database by filling up a form in which the name, phone, email, location, qualification, experiences, keywords and other related details of the candidate can be taken. b. The resume of the candidates can also be browsed and uploaded in the system c. The total resume and the candidate profiles can also be searched by keyword, experience, location etc.2. Client Managementa. The client details like company name, address, forgather person, phone, email, designation and the other related details can be entered in the form and saved to create the master of the clients b. The MOU with a client can be digitally uploaded in the system c. The clients open military posts can be entered and assigned to any recruiter with all the details (desired profile, job responsibilities etc.) d. The shortlisted candidates resume can be displace to the clients for final review/interview/written test e. The offer letter format of the client can be managed and it can be given to the candidates who are selected (closed position) similar activity can be done for the notice period agreement also f. When a position is closed, the billing of the same be sent to the client (invoice) g. If the bill is not cleared by the due date, the reminder email will be sent to the client continuously each time after a certain interval till the time the admin changes the billing status as Recei ved3. Recruiters Managementa. Master (name, designation, address, Date of joining, qualification, salary etc.) b. Open position assignment with a deadlinec. Recruiters should be able to update the status of the candidates after any telephonic aggress of interview with them d. The candidates profile must be separated in such a manner that multiple recruiters do not work upon a same profile e. On the log in page the recruiters should be able to see the To Do List e.g. To Call (23), Offer garner (7), Joining (4), Open position (3) etc. f. The recruiters should be able to send the Daily Reports (which must not take them much time with no manipulation) to the admin with their remarks g. Recruiters can notify the admin if any position is closed4. Reportsa. Open position status (clients, positions, recruiter handling, update, last date to close etc.) b. cathexis status (clients, positions closed, recruiter, amount as per bill, date to clear, received (y/n), etc.) c. Recruiters Performa nce analysis can be analyzed (recruiters, positions handled, open, closed, closing rate, revenue generated, monetary productivity (lifetime revenue / months worked)5. Optional Featuresa. SMS alert fori. Billing reminder to clientii. Appointment reminder to candidateb. Flexibility to integrate the consultancys own JOB PORTAL keeping this system at the cover versionendc. Recruiters incentive calculation

Thimerosal Paper Essay Example for Free

Thimerosal Paper EssayThimerosal in vaccines may contribute to Autism Spectrum Disorders in children with underlying medical conditions.Since 1999 there has been a controversy nearly whether sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate containing vaccines contribute to the causes of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) in children. Thimerosal is a mercury-based preservative used to manufacture multidose vaccines as it helps to prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi and so fire protect the immunized from infections at the site of the immunization. sensation of the reasons for the concern was that thimerosal contains ethylmercury and not methylmercury. But since there were no guidelines for the safe amount of ethylmercury in the gentle body, the guidelines for methylmercury were used on the false assumption that the body handles them both in the same way. In trying to settle the controversy two main issues were brought up. One is the connection betwee n the chemistry of thimerosal and a direct link with autism and the other is the removal of thimerosal from vaccines and the effect on the level of incidences of autism.The Public wellness delegacy of Canada does not believe that thimerosal causes autism or other neurodevelopmental disorders. In the paper, Thimerosal updated statement ( Law and Primeau , 2007) the authors reported two reviews of the evidence by the immunization Safety Review Committee of the US Institute of Medicine (IOM) in 2001 and 2004 . In 2001 they concluded that the evidence is inadequate to accept or reject a causal family relationship between thimerosal exposures from childhood vaccines and neurodevelopmental disorders.They also believed that the hypothesis that thimerosal exposure through the recommended childhood immunization schedule in the US has caused neurodevelopmental disorders is not back up by clinical or experimental evidence. The subsequent review in 2004, which included studies from Denmark, Great Britain, Sweden and the US concluded that the evidence favors rejection of a causal relationship between thimerosal containing vaccines and autism. The paper also reported Canadian information from a study in Quebec of 188 children to support the lack of association between thimerosal exposure and pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs).Despite the belief that thimerosal exposure has not been scientifically proven to be linked to autism, the Public Health Agency states that in large concentrations over extended periods of exposure, mercury can cause damage to brain and kidney.In a critical review of the published data Parker et al (2008) analyzed dozen published studies from Denmark, Sweden, UK and US. In an attempt to address the debate that continued about the possible link between thimerosal and autism. The authors commencement ceremony state that in 2001 thimerosal in quantities sufficient to act as a preservative was removed form all vaccines in the childhood immuniza tion schedule in the US except in some influenza vaccines. They state that although trace amounts are present in some vaccines, the amounts are so small that exposure is inconsequential.The Immunization Safety Review Committee of the Institute of Medicine concluded in 2001 that the evidence is insufficient to accept or reject a causal relationship between exposure to thimerosal and NDDs. In order to examine this claim more fully the authors analyzed the twelve studies.They concluded that the four studies supporting an association between thimerosal exposure and NDDs including autism were by the same authors and used overlapping data sets and contained critical methodological flaws that test the data and their interpretation non contributory. On the other hand they found that the studies that did not report an association were well designed and appropriately analyzed. They also represent the point that data from Denmark and Sweden where exposure to thimerosal in vaccines was elimin ated in 1992 showed that rates of autism continued to increase. Thus questioning thimerosal as a possible impart cause to autism.Nelson and Bauman (2003) examined the claim that there is a link between thimerosal and autism from three different angles. They first compared clinical manifestations of autism and mercury toxicity. They found no commonality in motor manifestations. Other signs such as hypertension, skin eruptions evident in mercury toxicity were not present in autism.They concluded that the typic clinical signs of mecurism are not similar to the typical clinical signs of autism. The second angle was to look at the onset of autism after immunizations. According to them the onset is very difficult to establish and so they cannot prove or disprove a role of the vaccines. Thirdly they questioned the existence of mercury levels in autistic children. They found no evidence to show significant amounts of mercury in the hair, urine, or blood of autistic children. They also p oint out that no evidence has been provided to show that chelation therapy take to the improvement in children with autism.Another point raised by these authors is the question of whether reducing levels of mercury can affect the levels of incidence of autism. They referred to a study through in Japan during and after a toxic outbreak in the 1950s and the 1960s. The results showed on the contrary, higher rates of autism in children born between 1966 and 1974 than in the periods just after the outbreaks.Though the controversy may not be over, and some will still not feel safe enough to inoculate their children, the research has not been able to establish a reliable link between thimerosal in vaccines and the occurrence of autism.ReferencesLaw, B., Primeau, M. (2007). Thimerosalupdated statement. Canada Communicable Disease Report. Vol.33. Retrieved disdainful 25, 2008. http//www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/publicat/ccdr-rmtc/07vol33/acs-06/index_e.htmlNelson, K.B., Bauman, M.L. (2003). Thim erosal and autism. Pediatrics Vol. 111, Iss.3, pp.674-679.Parker, S., Schwartz, B., Todd, J., Pickering, L. (2004). Thimerosal-containing vaccines and autistic spectrum disorder a critical review of the published original data. Pediatrics. Vol.114, Iss.3, pp.793-804

Major Themes Of Wuthering Heights

Major Themes Of Wuthering HeightsEmily Bronte, who never had the benefit of formal schooling, wrote Wuthering Heights. Bronte has been state a romantic rebel because she ignored the repressive conventions of her day and made passion a p art of the novelistic tradition. Unlike stereotypical novels, Wuthering Heights has no avowedly heroes or villains. It does have however, characters who give into their fleshly rage, and those who grow up and come to accept that there is a life to be led out positioning of revenge.There ar many major themes of the book, but revenge is the most imminent theme, the factor that leads the protagonists to their dismal fate. Bronte proves there is no peace in utter(a) vengeance, and in the end the self-injury involved in serving revenges purposes will be more damaging than the original wrong.Nelly Dean serves as the chief narrator of Wuthering Heights. A sensible, intelligent, and compassionate woman, she grew up essentially alongside Hindley and Cathe rine Earnshaw and is deeply involved in the story she tells. She gives reference to Heathcliffs appetite for revenge, which dominates the novel. She also hints at her own lack of hefty judgment, something from which she suffers throughout the tale.Nelly gives insight to the depths of Heathcliffs antipathy toward Hindley and foreshadows his impending doom. Hindleys ruin does not, however, give Heathcliff happiness or satisfaction. In fact, his vengeful acts make him alone more miserable and evil. grievous always desirers to kill and destroy. This is exactly what the essence of revenge is. An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth. Healthcliff lives his life out of a wound. The fruit of which his self pity and anger.Heathcliff never finds peace through his revenge. In fact, the only time he truly finds happiness is when he gives up his plan for retaliation. Austin OMalley, a United Irish leader, stated that Revenge is like biting a dog that bit you. OMalleys quote reflects Heathcli ffs immature need to propagate agony in those who have anger him. Heathcliffs plan for revenge on Edgar and Catherine is to marry Isabella, who is ignorant of love and of men because she has never experienced either. He wants to hurt Edgar through his marriage to Catherine, and he wants to embark on revenge on Catherine by making her jealous. Catherines death proves that this flawed plan of repayment helps nothing. Heathcliff, haunted by the ghost of Catherine because he is her murderer, still is motivated by the need for revenge and tries to get young Cathy away from Edgar by having her marry his son, Linton. Heathcliff never finds peace until he gives up his plan for revenge just forward he dies. When Heathcliff gives up his plan for revenge, he meets Catherine in death and truly becomes happy once more. The absence of revenge is life.Catherines revenge does not make things bettor for her. Her revenge on Heathcliff by blaming him for her upcoming death does not meliorate her m ind. Just before she dies, she ascribes Heathcliff for her murder. You have killed me, and thriven on it, I think (Bronte 158). Catherine resembles what Oliver Goldsmith said, When kind woman stoops to folly, and finds too late that men betray, what charm can soothe her melancholy? What art can wash her guilt away? The only art her guilt to cover, To hide her shame from every eye, To give repentance to her lover, And wring his bosom, is-to die. Catherines death is caused by her lack of emotional control and her dual personalities. She and Heathcliff are all(prenominal) other (Bronte 80), but her wants of social status and popularity draw her toward Edgar (Bronte 78). She does not love Edgar, but her selfish material wants control her. Catherines revenge on Heathcliff does not financial aid her in finding happiness. She looks forward to dying and is wearying to escape into that glorious world (Bronte 160). Her death is, however, miserable as she wanders around the earth as a waif for 20 years occasionally visiting Heathcliff and torturing him. Just as Heathcliff and Catherines revenge make them miserable, Hindleys revenge on Heathcliff causes him to go bankrupt and ultimately die. Hindleys attempt to kill Heathcliff only hurts Hindleyin the process it proves the point Isabella makes, Treachery and violence are spears pointed at both ends they wound those who resort to them worse than their enemies (Bronte 177). The fact that Hindley is maltreated as a child reveals the source of the built up anger and resentment inside him and towards others. The hurt that Hindley feels is clearly understood, but sympathy for Hindley is only terminable because it is still his own fault for his predicaments. Hindleys loss of Wuthering Heights to Heathcliff and his mysterious death reflect how revenge does not make anything better, only worse.Bronte corroborates that revenge is not only a harsh and rash way to live life, but is counter-productive and hurtful. Out of all of her major themes, revenge is the most imminent. The self-hurt involved with vengeance shows there are better ways to solve conflicts. Bronte sends a great message across by showing how negative revenge can be. There is no root to obeying the spontaneous reaction of this negative reprisal.

Financial Statements Are Important For Investors And Creditors Accounting Essay

Financial Statements Are Important For Investors And Creditors Accounting EssayYou atomic tour 18 required to discuss and comment on the above statement with reference to academic books, papers, and other published sources that you have read. Consider all the following in your responseCritically judge financial statements in terms of its importance, reliableness and relevancy to the key users.ResponseAs stated by Atrill McLaney, the financial statements objective is to provide a snapshot of the financial position and mathematical operation of a business ( Atrill McLaney, 2008).The Financial Accounts of a company describe the performance of the company in financial terms. They argon summary of the great activities of a business designed to provide true and accurate pictures to stakeholders (Woelfel, 1994).In todays world, the financial bank nones of a company go out be of interest to wide salmagundi of users called stakeholders (DL MBA Material, 2003).As discussed in DL MBA material, some of stakeholder of a company canister be owners, lenders, investment analysts, managers, employees, customers, suppliers, competitors and government agencies. The following briefly discuss characteristics of financial reports which would be interested to each party (DL MBA Material, 2003).Owners The shareholders of companys are ultimate owners. The shareholders invest their currency into company hence they are concern with profitability, dividend and future prospects of the company. Their main concern is reliability of nurture available to them to decide their future expectations or course of actions (DL MBA Material, 2003).Lenders They are the financial institutions who lend money to a company for its regular operation or business expansions. They perform detailed analysis of company tales and incur decision to lend money. It helps them to understand the financial supplement of the company by analysing the contrasting leverage ratios like debt-to-equity rat io etc. They determine the fixed assets of the company in order to cover up any eventuality. They decide the repayment ability of companies towards borrowings (DL MBA Material, 2003). enthronisation Analyst They are risk-appetite traders, individual investors, and financial institution looking for business opportunity to invest money into a company. They often use companys account to evaluate the future growth and profitability of a business. One of their main concerns is growth potential of the company their share price performance in stock market (DL MBA Material, 2003).Managers A companies managers intention is to analyse the financial account statement and find the direction of the efforts being put to achieve corporate objectives. They usually determine the company performance based on exhaustive internal accounts. Their individual performances get judged by the producing good accounting figures (DL MBA Material, 2003).Employee They would be concern about future of compan y stableness and would be looking at accounts from company profitability, growth, long term business and truthfulness of information (DL MBA Material, 2003).Customers- They often sees companys account to determine the strength of the potential marketer to satisfy their commitments (DL MBA Material, 2003).Supplier- They often sees companys accounts to determine the credit facilities payment terms (DL MBA Material, 2003).Competitor- will be interested to see the accounts to gain any advantage which they can list use of (DL MBA Material, 2003).Government agencies- Tax authority will take closer look into a companys account to identify any discrepancy in the account by overstating or under standing profits. Hence the key criteria would be to check accuracy, verifiability truthfulness (DL MBA Material, 2003).The different users of accounts got different motive to look at it and they got different requirement like fairness, truthfulness, performance, repayment capacity, financial leve rage, liquidity and cash flow of a company.Question 2 Review the shortcomings of HCA model when prices are rising and exempt why financial reports under the HCA are subject to some major limitations (e.g. inventory is under revalued, the depreciation charge to the income statement is understated, oddment sheet values are understated, and periodic comparisons are invalidated).ResponseThe historical greet accounting is a convention in which asset values are based on the actual amount paid for the assets with no inflation adjustments. The historical cost conventions mention that the value of assets should be accounted on their acquisition cost (Atrill McLaney, 2008).It does not take into account inflation though there are certain adjustments like depreciation, depletion and impairments (www.money terms.co.uk, 2010). It relies on an assumption that the purchasing power of money is constant through out and does not change with time. Under historical cost approach, the inventories a re reported in balance sheet at cost. However, there may be reduction in realisable value of the inventories due to obsolescence, deterioration or saleable price changes hence historical cost approach does not account for this change (Hawawini Viallet 2007).It is often verbalise that the weighing assets at their current value would provide a more truthful picture of the financial position of a company and would be more meaningful to wide range of audiences for decision making. But at the same time it has got reliability problem (Atrill McLaney, 2008).With rise in price, HCA will not be able to entrance the change in military rating of underlying assets as it records the value of assets as historical cost. Hence, increase in the value of assets will not be reflected in a company balance sheet. Due to this the balance sheet will not present the true financial position. As a result, in the time of high inflation, profits will be overstated and tax liability will increase.Again wit h price fall, similar problem will be observed but this time real asset value will be less than the historical cost hence overstating the assets on the balance sheet undermining the profits the tax liability will decrease.The depreciation adds more complication to the problem. The cost of assets generally spread out over a number of years of its usability life time at the price paid at the execution of a transaction. The depreciation affects the carrying value of the asset. HCA does not consider the real value and hence depreciating original value does not show true picture.Question 3 Why has the HCA model survived in spite of its limitations in measure of inflation?ResponseThe HCA model is traditional accounting model and there are many reasons for its survivals. It is straightforward, simple and reliable. There are certain limitation with gain market value, depreciation, price rise fall and inflations but at the same time other accounting systems largely faces concerns around reliability, appropriateness, quality truthfulness of information (Johnson, 2005).As per Johnson, the historical be though not fair but much more reliable. Hence many instances, the importance is given to trade-off between historical costing and other advanced fair value practices in much larger perspective (Johnson, 2005).The foundation of HCA is a real transaction which has happened and the money has been paid for that transaction. Hence the cost value is a real not fictitious and has its root in that transaction. It is not about calculating somewhat complex number or hypothetical cost. The main advantage of using historical cost accounting is simplicity and certainty. The other advantage is it gives managers ability to forecast future running(a) costs. Hence in spite, many experts argue that the fairness of the method is far from real value, it still continue to dominate the accounting world.Question 4 treat the features of current income and value models (e.g. Current Pur chasing Power Accounting (CPPA) and Replacement Cost Accounting (RCA) models) that have been suggested to replace or operate in bicycle-built-for-two with the HCA convention.ResponseAs per Nobes, current purchasing power or general purchasing power accounting systems are based on historical cost accounts adjusted with general price index numbers (Nobes, 1992). In case of current purchasing power accounting, the original purchasing costs are reverse by correction factor based on some general index like retail price index. The corrected purchase cost is accordingly used to calculate the balance value of the assets in order to record in the balance sheet for that year. Hence it represents more realistic value for non-monetary assets.Ahmed argues that the renewal cost accounting measures replacement cost in units of money. He argues that the replacement cost income is equal to the difference between realised revenues and their corresponding replacement costs in units of general purc hasing power (Riahi-Belkaoui, 1996). As per Drummon stickler, the replacement cost is the amount of cash or cash equivalent that would be needed concisely to acquire equivalent assets which can provide same function as the original asset. The method consists of estimating the cost of a new asset as argued by Christina (Drummon stickler, 1983). The important characteristic of replacement cost accounting is to capture the effects of changing prices and ultimate changing value of the items.The key feature of both techniques is to capture the loss or gain in the value of non-monetary items such that the effects of inflation or deflation can be captured in the balance sheet to make it more accurate.Question 5 Critically evaluate the virtues and defects of these alternative models.ResponseThe main characteristic of the alternative models like current purchasing power accounting or replacement cost accounting is a mechanism to capture the loss or gain in the value of non-monetary items on the current valuation basis. It helps to record assets on the balance sheet with realistic values. The balance sheet can portrait true picture of financial position of an organisation (DL MBA Material, 2003). It can accommodate the effects of inflation or deflation make financial statement more economically relevant.The main drawback of the alternative models is changes in the prices are captured but these are not based on actual real transaction. These models are complicated and values are subjective. It may happen that the general Consumer Price index or inflation has gone up but the impacts on assets have been reverse or not that significant. In such case, the resultant value will be erroneous. Hence they lack in reliability.

2012 London Olympic Games Construction Essay

2012 London majestic Games building EssayMy report is found on the 2012 prodigious Games externalise in London, the selected contractor submitted detailed documentation and labour expound which were evaluated reviewed by the clients. All the documents deal with all type of administrative procedure, procurement strategy among others.The report also explained all items multiform in the social organization industry coming from the project history, the pre-construction and post-construction stage. This report will bene run into the client as to the successful completion of the project due to organize administrative procedure of procurement strategy.1.2 Project Brief or HistoryThe London 2012 Olympic Games, the Project Brief was a high level document that outlined the objectives and operational requirements for each project. As the project progressed by and through the different Royal constitute of British Architects (RIBA) stages of the architectural plan process, the brie f was developed to formInitial BriefDesign briefProject BriefThe initial brief was used to engraft out the initial ODA requirements of the project and certain the development of the design through RIBA design stages A/B. It captured the data from the Project Initial Document and the London Organizing military commission of the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games (LOCOG) Venue Requirements and described what the Design team was required.The design brief defined what will be the next phase of the project that should be delivered and informed the RIBA Stages C/D. It focused on the technical requirements and the measurable criteria defined during Design development.The Project BriefThe London 2012 Olympic Games projects be including 1 to 10 milepost base as belowMilestone -01, social organisation of the Olympic StadiumMilestone -02, Construction of the Aquatics inwardnessMilestone -03, Construction of the VelodromeMilestone -04, Construction of the International Broadcast Centre/M ain Press Centre(IBC/MPC)Milestone -05, Construction of the Handball and Basketball ArenasMilestone -06, Construction of the Lee Valley White Water CentreMilestone -07, Construction work on Eton Manor and the Royal Artillery BarracksMilestone -08, The External Structure of the Olympic VillageMilestone -09, Construction of all Permanent BridgesMilestone -10, Construction work at Stratford StationIncluding the project photo Appendix -BUnder the Project Brief, the following ar includeProject Name- 2012 London Olympic gamesProject Value- 9,298m-the Public Sector Funding PackageContract Period Construction took four years from 2007 to 2011.Project procurement Method- design and buildAwarded Main Contractor Name-Sir Robert McAlpineBarr ConstructionCarillionISGBalfour BeattyConsultant Name ArchitectPopulousWilkinson Eyre Architects KSS Design GroupHopkins Architects, Grant AssociatesZaha Hadid ArchitectsStructural and services engineers, meanBuro HappoldExpedition EngineeringHyland Ed gar DriverOve Arup quislings, BDSPSKMSavilles Hepher DixonProject client IOC, LOCOG, ODA, Lee Valley Regional Park Authority,02. Chapter2.1. Identified Various People / OrganisationsLondon 2012 Olympic Games Organizations involved in key Project StakeholdersOlympic oral communication Authority (OAD)The London Organizing Committee of the Olympics Games (LOCOG)The Greater London Authority (GLA)British Olympic Association (BOA)The organization (MPA, 2006).And also in additionalThe Mayor of LondonOlympic Park bequest connectionLondon emergence Agency (LDA)British Paralympic Association (BPA)The Olympic Board (OB)International Olympic Committee (IOC)International Paralympic Committee (IPC).Their main functions be to collectively advice and provide assurance to the board (MPA, 2006). These stakeholders hit different perceptions as to what constitute success. While they all have different responsibilities towards the success of the game, their individual objectives has to be met. It is worth noting that their varying objectives were well reconciled as per the game. Shared appreciation was created among them and reconciliation of objectives was easy because one of the predominant overarching aims of both the UK government and IOC for the games is sustainability among the Consultant, the main Contractor, the Sub-Contractor and the Supplier.The more details including the Appendix-A2.2. Financing Structure/Final CostThe financing structures are two distinct medical prognosiss of the London 2012 Olympic Games, the preparation for the games by the ODA and LOCOG operational work out running the games.The Secretary of state for culture, media and sport announced, in an oral program line to the abode, that the budget for the preparation of the 2012 London Olympics had increased from an initial estimate budget of 2.375 one thousand million, at the eon of the bid the estimated cost of the Games was 4 billion 3 billion for the Olympic Park and an agent for eli te and community sport and 1 billion as part of the wider Lower Lea Valley regeneration (excluding rate and wider security costs).Following a review by the Government a revised funding cost was announced in March 2007 of 9.325billion, as details below Table-01.The Budget as Announced for the Games on 15 March 2007 decimal point translationAmount Million ()1Core Olympic cost -Olympic Delivery Authority(ODA)3,081.002Infrastructure and regeneration costs associated with the Olympic park and other venues1,673.003Contingency (Excluding Tax)500.004 natural ( Net of Tax )(1+2+3)5,254.005Other (Non ODA),Olympic Cost388.00Other ProvisionsPolicing and Wider Security600.00Tax (on ODA Costs)836.00General programme Contingency (including tax)2,247.006Total Provisions3,683.00Grand Total (4+5+6)9,325.00 general Revised Budget9,325.00Table -01The 2012 Olympic Games over-all budget (9.325 cardinal () were distributed to all stockholders and impartmarized as follows on Table-02.Public Funding Ava ilableItemDescriptionAmount Billion ()1Exchequer5.9752National Lottery2.1753Greater London Authority0.9254London Development Agency0.250Total Cost(1+2+3+4)9.325Table -02However, on 24 March 2010, the Awarded budget was reduced to 27m and breakdown as follows Table 03ItemDescriptionAmount Million ()1Olympic Delivery Authority(ODA)ODA Base Cost Including VAT6,100.00Programme Contingency968.00Funders Contingency1,004.00Total Available to ODA8,072.002Non-Olympic Delivery Authority(ODA)Elite and Community Sports290.00Paralympic Games66.00Look of London32.00Security600.00Security Contingency238.00Total Non ODA1,226.003Total Public Sector Funding Package (1+2)9,298.00Overall Original Budget9,298.00Table -03The 2012 Olympic Games over-all Revised budget (9.298 Billion () were distributed to all stockholders and summarized as follows on Table-04.Sources of FundingItemDescriptionAmount Billion ()1National Lottery2.1752London (GLA and LDA)0.8753Central Government6.248Total Cost(1+2+3)9.298Tab le -04Unveiling the governments final quarterly budget update, the sports minister, Hugh Robertson, said that at a conservative estimate the final cost of the Games would be 8.921billion against an overall original budget of 9.298billion2.3. Project Procurement Structure/methodological analysisThe specific new construction of Olympic stadium, the project leadership has been established, and then the procurement method will be accepted. The project was procured on a design and build basis.A method where the contractor is responsible for undertaking both the design and the construction of the work in return for a lump sum price.There are variants on this option depending on the degree to which initial design is included in the clients requirements. Appointment of a contractor is often by two stages tendering, thus keeping a competitive element, but not expecting every tenderer to produce full proposals. The clients requirements can cut back from a simple adjustment schedule to a ful ly worked out scheme design, but generally should be matched by the contractors proposalFor design and build procurement there are three main types of contractPackage Deal or Turnkey ContractDesign and Build Contracts Contractors Design ObligationsContractors Design for Specific Elements OnlyThe project procurement plan includes the followingSourcing materials with low embodied carbonMinimizing waste at source, promoting use of secondary materialsPolicies on ecoEcologically sensitive materials e.g Timber and victualsEthical procurement and fair employmentSourcing wellnessy materials and ensuring health and safety on post (ODA, 20091)The procurement plan is being implemented by a rigorous procurement process. All partners and collaborators will have to meet individual and overall criteria in order to contribute to the successful government issue of the plan. This will have to be made visible through product and service supply, engagement in relevant projects, promotion of behavio ral change, consumers, employees and supply chains (ODA, 2009).2.4. Main Forms of Construction Contract/ pinnace DocumentThe New Engineering Contract (NEC) was used to facilitate all the necessary documents during the bidding and awarding stage. Both parties, the Client and the Contractor, hold and closed the project based on the NEC contract.The NEC3 suite of contracts was selected because it provided the following key attributes in response to ODA, s Requirements.A flexible approach, providing a range of contract solutions relative to the level of design information available and procurement option being considered.The pro-active management of risk as an inherent and fundamental element of the entire contract forms.A collaborative approach back up timely delivery, which is fundamental to ODA.Full visibility of cost (Except under option a contracts), supporting effective programme budget management.ODA has number of obligations under the London Olympic Games Act 2006, particularl y around risk, brand protection and stakeholder rights, which necessitated changes to the standard NEC3 Contract Forms. These changes included, supernumerary collateral warranties for key interested partiesRestrictions in change of ownership of tier 1 contractorsEnhanced conflict of interest provisionsItemsNEC3 Contract and election use of goods and servicesRationale1Engineering and Construction Contract Option- C (Target contract with activity schedule)Major and complex venues and infrastructureTarget price was best fit to developing specification2Engineering and Construction Contract Option- A ( Priced contract with activity schedule)Other venuesDesigns were firm allowing cost certainty3 termination Service Contrcat Option -A ( Priced contract with activity schedule)Logistics and security contractsPricing schedules accommodated required flexibility in both volume of services required and scale ( through enhanced services schedules)The New Engineering Contract 2005 version 3 Engin eering and Construction Contract recommends that the various methods of specifying the works should be adoptedOption A C Activity ScheduleOption B D Bill of QuantitiesOption E F A traditional Specifications or rough drawingThe Olympic Delivery Authority used procurement through e-procurement system and methodology, particularly an evaluation system to enable delivery of its policy objectives and ambitions as followsSustainability and LegacyDesign and AccessibilityEquality and InclusionEmployment and SkillsHealth, Safety and SecurityDelivery of London Olympic Stadium in Time, Cost and QualityTender documentations areActivity scheduleMethod statementWorking drawingBOQQuantified SpecificationWork Schedules ( the word Item denotes pricing)Specification + Contract Sum epitome or Schedule of Rates03. Chapter3.1. Construction Technology ChallengesThe London 2012 Olympic Games project was constructed with many construction challenges and new construction technologies. Some of which are as follows Low-carbon concrete with 40 percent less embodied carbon was used for concreting structures.Surplus gas pipes were used to build the top ring of the Stadium.Recycled containers were used as toilet facilities.Demolished existing structures were placed on top of the ground that served as a solid base for the construction.To reduce the loads on the project, 75 percent lightweight steel materials were utilized in the construction.As part of the landscaping works. 500,000 plants were planted in the Olympic Parks wetland areasDue to new technologies that were adopted, plainly 10,000 tons of steel were used.Tensile roofings were used as to cover the ground bowl-like stadium.The project settled at 2,821 feet perimeter land and stands at 197 feet high.The Delivery Partner was comprised of three construction industry leaders, who were responsible for the construction of all new venues and infrastructure needed for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. The Olympic Park wil l house nine state-of-the-art venues including the Olympic stadium, velodrome and aquatics center. New Technology was used to fast track the project and attained the completion date of the Project.As the time is the essence, the constructions were done on a 24 hour basis as the design required new methodology to meet the criteria of the Project SpecificationsMethodological challenges that are anticipated includeAchieving adequate coverage of project-level evaluations, within the bounds of practicality, across bequest and sub-legacy themes, geography, demographics, project size/type etcThe complexity of the task and the interdependencies that exist among outcomes and impacts of different projects and programmesThe aggregation and synthesis of different measures and indicators, which may also be of varying qualityAssessing the impact and additionality of interventions in a consistent fashionEnsuring value for money and benefits are being measured or estimated using credible evidenceM easuring intangible impacts using experimental measures such as infixed well-being and through custom techniques such as media content analysisMeasuring wider strategic impacts and added value generated through coordination of the organisations involved in planning and delivering legacy3.2. Health and Safety Records/AchievementThe HSE has published the first in a series of research reports on the London 2012 Olympics as part of a concert effort to circulate the health and safety lessons learned from the Stratford project among the wider construction industry.There are so many magnificent aspects of London 2012 when it comes to Safety issues and this was achieved through the excellent safety study, especially during the construction phase.The park was built with zero construction fatalities. It shows the approaches to gain a good occupational Safety and Health. Some of the achievements are as followsThe Royal Society for the Prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) honored the Olympic Deli very Authority in a ceremony.More than 12,500 workers helped construct the venues and the Big Build of the site was hailed as the safest construction of an Olympic Stadium.The Executive started working with the Olympic Delivery Authority (ODA) soon after London was awarded the 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games and set out liberate targets of what standards were expected, encouraging strong leadership and sharing of good practice. Up to this month, the HSE has received reports of only 114 injuries and eight dangerous occurrences that occurred during the projects 66 million hours of work.And also the ODAs commitment to health and safety has been recognised by the British Safety Council (BSC) with its 5-star award, following an independent, rigorous audit of the ODAs health and safety management system and processes, in which the ODA received a score of 98 per cent.The ODA was also awarded the Sword of Honour, one of the most prestigious international health and safety accolades that an organization can receive, which is designed to encourage and vantage organizations that work to best practice. All applicants must have already received 5 stars from the BSC04. Chapter4.1. ConclusionBased on the above submission, it can be reason that the Construction of the facilities needed for the 2012 London Olympic Games were successfully done and completed to the satisfaction of the Client. This achievement was due to the followingThorough evaluation of the Project Requirements as reviewed and evaluated by the Client.An organized procurement strategy within the UK and International market environments.Teamwork and coordination among the stakeholdersUtilizing the familiar form of contract in UKProper implementation of all construction methodology accepted in the construction industry.Proper planning and implementation to meet the required completion date.Utilizing new construction technologies and materials.Likewise, a complete record for health and safety were properly org anized. A strict implementation of a Safety Plan were followed resulting to no fatalities or major injuries recorded.With respect to the financial aspect of the project, variation orders and cost were not clearly indicated as this will have a big impact on the total and final cost of the project involved.Nevertheless, the over-all aspect of the report can be recommended as it clearly shows that all necessary strategies and construction methodology will have a successful outcome as expected by the client specifically the completion of the project as per the time schedule, work quality and project cost.05. Chapter5.1. BibliographyOlayide Mutiu Adedeji, Senior Quantity Surveyor, February 20,2013Company CEG InternationalContact Tel- +974-44551188Fax +974-44551144 netmail emailprotectedWeb www.ceg-qatar.comPost P.O. Box -3973, capital of Qatar QatarMohamed Azhar, Senior Quantity Surveyor, February 22,2013Company CEG InternationalContact Tel +974-44551188Fax +974-44551144E-Mail emailp rotectedWeb www.ceg-qatar.comPost P.O. Box -3973, Doha QatarElajun E. Custodio, Civil Engineer, March 20,2013Company CEG InternationalContact Tel- +974-44551188Fax +974-44551144E-Mail emailprotectedWeb www.ceg-qatar.comPost P.O. Box -3973, Doha QatarMahmud Anees Senior Quantity Surveyor, March 15,2013Company KESOContact E-Mail anees yahoo.comWeb www.ceg-qatar.comPost P.O. Box -3973, Doha Qatar

Organizational Culture :: Free Essay Writer

Organizational Culture Nipponese culture is very different from ours. For one thing, it consists almost entirely of lacquerese people. (Barry, 43) Perhaps that seems an obvious statement, but how certain it is. The culture of any business, organization, or even government is made up of the people that make the organization. Throughout this paper we will use the culture of the Japanese government as a medium, to see how culture affects the management and decision-making processes. Specifically we will look at how the culture affected the decisions of the government, and how those decisions affected the very lives of the Japanese people on a very dreadful day just over six years ago.A 20-second earthquake, measuring 7.2 on the Richter scale, devastated the city of Kobe, Japan on the morning of January 17th, 1995. Many were still sleeping at 546 when the earthquake struck, but they would soon awaken to find great licking as the lack of public and personal transportation, communicatio n lines, and open roads became increasingly apparent. Indeed, Japans 6th largest city was facing a conundrum, and one that needed to be addressed immediately. (Adamson, par 1)qIs America an Autocracy? You have probably read in a newspaper, or watched on television a documentary well-nigh a natural disaster on American soil. It could be anything from an East-coast hurricane, to a Mid-west tornado, to a California earthquake. Typically, by the time you are just hearing most the event, the President of the United States will have already declared a state of emergency. Local and national armed forces are immediately dispatched to help embolden in any way possible. The way that the President took the information available at the time, and promptly made the decision reflects an autocratic leadership style, as defined by Dessler. (301) Why wasnt there a session of congress held to determine if it was really necessary to declare the emergency? Why werent the citizens allowed to v ote whether or non they deemed it wise spending of their tax-dollars? The President of the United States (obviously, by his title) has the authority to make decisions that affect the United States. Our culture allows him to have the power that he does, whether he is back by congress or not. We allow him to declare a state of emergency because our culture defines a state of emergency as a problem that needs to be fixed.

Candides Growth Essay -- Philosophy

In the story Candide Voltaire uses caustic remark to criticize the philosophical views of the enlightenment period and illustrate his mindset of how an individual should view their own existence by Candides character development throughout the story. Voltaire is able to do this by introducing Candide into two contrasting philosophical views of characters that drama a large role in his life, Pangloss and Martin. At the beginning of Candides quest he followed Panglosss theory of the best of all possible knowledge domains. Panglosss ideas hinder Candide on his satire filled journey to find Cunegonde because he is overly optimistic. On his journey his outlook changes by the pessimistic influence of Martin. Which helps him develop into his own character at the end of the story.The first theory that Candide is introduced to is the oracle of the house that he was raised in Dr. Pangloss. Voltaire writes that Pangloss gave instruction in metaphysico-theologico-cosmoloonigology this is a s atire of the German philosopher Gottfried Leibniz (Lawall Candide 520) . Leibniz created the doctrine of optimism which claims which holds that our world is the best of all those possible (Strickland 18). Lloyd Strickland states the most obvious objection to optimism, namely that this world contains far too much evil to be plausibly determine as the best. claimed, for instance, that Voltaires aim in Candide was to refute, or confound Leibniz by bombarding him, so to speak, with the evil of the world It is obvious to the reader that this is Voltaires motive (Strickland 19). Voltaire continues to insult Leibniz view by writing He proved admirably that there cannot possibly be an effect without a cause and that in this best of all possible worlds the Baron... ...tudies 31.2 (2002) 199. donnish attempt Premier. Web. 29 Feb. 2012Lawall, Sarah. The Norton Anthology of World Literature Candide. 2nd. New York W. W. Norton and Company, 2002. 522-580. Print.Kasten, Madeleine, and Curtis G ruenler. The Point Of The Plow Conceptual Integration In The Allegory Of Langland And Voltaire. Metaphor & Symbol 26.2 (2011) 143-151. academician Search Premier. Web. 3 Apr. 2012.Putnam, LuElla. Boredom, Insignificance, And Death In Voltaires Candide, Charles Baudelaires The Flowers Of Evil, And Paulo Coelhos Veronika Decides To Die. Atenea 30.1-2 (2010) 67-78. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Apr. 2012Strickland, Lloyd. False Optimism? Leibniz, Evil, And The Best Of All Possible Worlds. Forum Philosophicum International Journal For Philosophy 15.1 (2010) 17-35. Academic Search Premier. Web. 3 Apr. 2012.