Drug Testing and Issues of Privacy at the Workplace

Drug Testing Issues of Privacy Drug Testing Issues of Privacy Drug testing in the workplace is a touchy issue for both employers and employees. Employers who drug test current and potential employees do so for several reasons. There are some industries and tasks which are very sensitive because of the material used, or the processes involved in the work, or because the work concerns matters of national security. There are numerous practical reasons for employers to test employees for illegal or illicit substances as well as legal substances that in excess cause harm to the person taking them and/or those around the person taking drugs. There exists a boundary between drug testing for safety and drug testing as a way to invade the privacy of employees for a number of reasons including excessive control, blackmail, or other forms of manipulation. The use of drug testing depends on the work that needs to be done. The use of drug testing also depends on the employees. If the behavior of the employees warrants drug te sting, then it should be done. If the work of the employees involves working with other people in need of substance rehabilitation or other forms of rehabilitation, then it would be logical for the management of such facilities to be concerned with substance abuse and other addictive behaviors among the employees and/or staff. Again, there is a logic behind the reasoning for drug testing employees in the workplace. There is additionally potential for abuseShow MoreRelatedDrug Testing in the Workplace1739 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Testing in the Workplace: A Costly Mistake Abstract The issue of drug testing in the workplace has sparked an ongoing debate among management. There are many who feel that it is essential to prevent risks to the greater public caused by substance abuse while on the job. However, others believe that the costs far outweigh the benefits and that it is an invasion of privacy. Putting all ethical issues aside, evidence presented in this paper supports the latter. The costs of drug testing areRead MoreDrug And Alcohol Testing On The Workplace1663 Words   |  7 PagesDrug and Alcohol Testing in the Workplace Due: Monday Dec 1, 2014 COMM-220-F Rebecca Walsh By Brett Tate and Brandon Bracko November 17, 14 Introduction People often question drug and alcohol testing in the work place. It is a controversial subject that has a range of mixed emotions. But where do you draw the line when it comes to crossing the boundaries of prying into one’s personal life? This report will explain the legal, and ethical issues surrounding the topic of drug and alcohol testing inRead MoreDrug Testing For Current And Prospective Employees Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesthe topic on the very controversial issue of drug testing for current and prospective employees in the workplace. In the textbook we reviewed the opposing opinions of authors Joseph Desjardins and his co-author Ronald Duska and Michael Cranford. The main issue between these writers is whether drug testing invades an individual’s privacy and in what circumstances should drug testing be permissible. I will first review both Desjardins and Cranford’s views on the issue then offer my evaluation. BothRead MoreEmployee Drug Testing: Fair and Effective Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesdollars are spent to pay for the unnecessary expenses caused by drug-impaired employees. Workers whose performances are negatively altered by drug use contribute to losses in business productivity and assist in lowering workplace safety. On average, according to the Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America (CADCA), $100 billion is lost per year due to accidents, decreases in productivity, and other related expenses caused by incompetent, drug abusing employees (â€Å"Coalitions†). However, through a thoughtfulRead MoreDrug Free is the Way to Be1053 Words   |  4 Pagesor abuse drugs, legal or not, that cause interference within the workplace. According to the Human Resource Manager Eileen Esquer, from Isagenix International, when the use of drugs start to disrupt an employee’s job, they generate expensive health costs and loss of productivity for businesses. A controversial issue in the business industry is with employment drug testing. Companies that organize drug testing will provide safe working conditions. Although, employers who do not conduct drug tests, willRead MoreAn Employee’S Right To Privacy In The Workplace Is An Increasingly1349 Words   |  6 Pagesright to privacy in the workplace is an increasingly controversial legal topic, especially in an age of increased technology. These days, employers can virtually monitor all workplace communications made by employees using computers such as the Internet and company email. While the law generally allows this monitoring, some employee’s view it is a violation of their privacy. Other bothersome topics on an employee’s right to privacy in the workplace is employee drug or honesty testing, and whetherRead MoreRandom Drug Testing vs Employees Privacy Rights Essay1478 Words   |  6 PagesA. Court Cases Affecting Privacy of Employees and Drug Testing in the Workplace 1. Supreme Court cases affirming drug testing a. Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives Association 109 S.Ct 1402(1989) b. National Treasury Employees Union v. Von Raab, 109 S.Ct. 1384 (1989) 2. Other lower court and State court rulings a. Kraslawsky v. Upper Deck 56 Cal.App.4th 179, 66 Cal Rptr.2d.297(CA 4, 1997) b. Pettus v. DuPont, 49 Cal.App.4th402, 57 Cal.Rptr.2d 46 (1997) 3. Supreme Court casesRead MoreConstitutional Rights1444 Words   |  6 Pagesif an employer can crush those rights by using lie detector tests, monitor employee phone calls and emails; use surveillance cameras, and issue random drug-testing. Drug-Testing The American Civil Liberties Union states, drug testing of individuals without cause is ineffective, expensive and, often times, illegal (para. 1) as well as, drug testing of individuals without cause is an affront to the Fourth Amendment (para. 2). While the fourth amendment does state, the right of the peopleRead MoreDo Drug Tests Violate Employees’ Rights to Privacy?1654 Words   |  7 Pagesthis question Do drugs tests violate employees’ right to privacy?’ The answers are given by the presentation and the analyzing different views evident in literature so as to build an argumentative case against or in support of, lastly drawing the conclusions set. This is made possible concentrating on a scope which considers the ethics existent in normative theories. It means that theories of a higher philosophical calling considering whether the employees violate the right of privacy of their employeesRead MoreWritten Analysis : Law And Ethics1659 Words   |  7 Pagesobtained a license from the State of Colorado for the use of medical marijuana. The Plaintiff alleged he used the marijuana within the limits of the license under the state constitutional and statutory provisions and never sued it on company property. Testing positive for marijuana is a violation of the defendant antidrug policy. When the Plaintiff tested positive for marijuana, the Defendant fired the Plaintiff. Use of Medical Marijuana The Plaintiff sued the Defendant and asserted four claims. First

Understanding a Literacy-Rich Environment - 1769 Words

What is a literacy-rich environment? A literacy rich environment is essential for any emerging reader. Emerging literacy reflects childrens natural growth and awareness of print in the environment (Genisio Drecktrah, 1999, p. 227) and therefore the environment has to contain suffient enough manifestations of this print and other literacy material presented in an attractive way without overwhelming the child. Clearly, literacy-rich environments are of value. They allow children to practice literacy behaviours and language in ways that make sense to them (Roskos Neuman, 1994, p. 264). Roskos and Neuman (1994) too note that from Pestalozzi to the present there has been an abiding belief in the importance of the physical environment as an agent in young childrens learning (p. 251) And that this belief forms the cornerstone of an interactionist view of human development (ibid). Skilled teachers, therefore, working with the age that is mentioned in this module, devise ways of doing so focusing on a variety of listening, talking, reading, and writing activities. Theory Children have different characteristics and different interests that attract them. A well-designed literacy environment should engage and attract children on at least two different modalities (Edwards Willis, 2000). This is so because, as the authors note, it is natural for young children to seek to master and use many alternative literacies, or avenues of symbolic representation offered byShow MoreRelatedThe Literacy And The Classroom Environment791 Words   |  4 Pageslearning environments that fosters communication, engagement, and reflection so that the students will be prepared for their future careers and learning. Creating a classroom that fosters reading and writing is one way to engage students while promoting that they reflect on the material and communicate their understanding or misconceptions of the content. In order to form a literacy-rich classroom educators need to increase the amount of time students interact with all forms of print and literacy andRead MoreThe Im portance Of Building A Strong Literary Foundation For Children Beginning As Possible852 Words   |  4 Pageschildren beginning as soon as possible. â€Å"Early childhood experience has a huge effect on your life later on†(Percy, 2014, p. 1), so it is vital to immerse children in a learning-rich environment. Emergent Literacy, also known as early literacy, â€Å"is a concept that supports learning to read in a positive home environment where children are in the process of becoming literate from birth† (Vacca, et al., 2015, p. 114). This concept works under the assumption that all children are constantly being engagedRead MoreBecoming a Reflective Teacher of English 1553 Words   |  7 Pages(see Appendix A), I realise that my understanding of literacy has developed expeditiously, from a simplistic view into a multi-faceted outlook that underpins learning throughout the curriculum. Although I had indicated an awareness of the interrelationship of speaking and listen ing, reading and writing (SLWR), I did not conduct in depth analysis that considers these elements specifically with the process of learning. This essay will discuss how my understanding of SLWR has evolved, and in examiningRead MoreBalance Literacy vs. Whole Language866 Words   |  4 PagesWhole language is considered a top down approach where the reader constructs a personal meaning for a text based on using their prior knowledge to interpret the meaning of what they are reading. Teachers are expected to provide a literacy rich environment for their students and to combine speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Whole language teachers emphasize the meaning of texts over the sounds of letters, and phonics instruction becomes just one component of the whole language classroomRead MoreRationale Of Curriculum Integration And Differentiation1705 Words   |  7 Pagescontemporary classroom is a rich blend of children from varied backgrounds, all with individual needs, interests and abilities. These students must be able learn in a context that is relevant to their lives and every day experiences as 21st century learners (Australian Curriculum and Reporting Authority, 2013). Integration or integrated curriculum at its core, is solely about making connections (Murdoch Hornsby, 1997). Connections between core learning areas such as literacy, numeracy or science, createRead MoreHow Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Literacy Development1529 Words   |  7 PagesHow Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Literacy Development Ashanti Gordon Grand Canyon University: ECH 515 December 12, 2012 How Language Abilities and Deficiencies Impact Literacy Development Multnomah County had a survey done for kindergarten teachers. The results suggested that 19.4% of their students were not headed toward literacy success, due to a lack of necessary language and pre-reading skills. There is a 90% probability of a child that is a poor reader in first gradeRead MoreStandards for Teaching in the Modern Classroom1411 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the last century literacy and the definition of being literate has changed and evolved. No longer are teachers at an advantage by creating curriculums based on traditional lessons of ‘reading and ‘writing’. One must now incorporate every day language, and cultural influences, including technology to enhance the learning experience (Callow, 2011). Within the classroom, context and it’s various forms are highlighted (McDonald, 2013), and children are benefiting greatly from the allowanceRead MoreWriting, Listening, And Listening999 Words   |  4 Pagesthoughts and ideas in a var iety of forms for a multitude of purposes. Writing provides learners with tools for discovering, for shaping meaning, and for reaching understanding through written expression. In reflecting on my experiences as an educator and studies in literacy pedagogies, learning to write is a tool for thinking. Writing and literacy development are authentic and purposeful processes. Writing requires an intrinsic motivation and instruction should be organized in such a way that studentsRead MoreA Successful Literacy Program Explicitly Teaches Phonological Awareness And Word Knowledge For Reading Fluency1492 Words   |  6 PagesA successful literacy program explicitly teaches phonological awareness and word knowledge for reading fluency and comprehension, within an environment catering for varying literacy levels. Instructional processes for reading instruction have been argued about throughout time, though it has since been studied and determined that success in reading relates to acquisition of phonological awareness and word knowledge (National Reading Panel, 2000, p. 2-1). Word knowledge is the association of soundsRead MoreThe Process Of Learning For Read Can Be Difficult For Young Children1096 Words   |  5 PagesThe process of learning to read can be difficult for young children. Teachers require knowledge and understanding of the reading process as well as skills to teach children skills and strategies to become a successful reader. Using a balanced approach to teaching children reading skills and strategies, teachers start with explicit instruction before gradually giving students responsibility and independence in using these strategies for reading. Teachers must understand the importance of oral language

Celebrity Influence free essay sample

Teens and Celebrities Teenagers often turn to their favorite celebrities for guidance in their every day lives. Celebrities have become more mainstream role models for teens as their images and lifestyles are normally splashed across television, movies, magazines and all throughout pop culture. Teens that try to emulate their favorite celebrities may select good role models or bad ones that can be positive or negative for teens. Problems with teens linked to celebrities include: †¢Teen behaviors resulting in celebrity influence †¢Self esteem and body images issues for teens Teens, Celebrities and Behavior Many teens will try to mirror their favorite celebrities. While sometimes these role models can be good for teens, in today’s day and ag e, many celebrities uphold standards the average Joe can’t live up to. Sometimes that behavior is also dangerous such as drug abuse or partying excessively. Celebrities promote behaviors that are not always positive for teenagers to see on a daily basis. We will write a custom essay sample on Celebrity Influence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Celebrities Promoting Drinking To Teens In television, movies and magazines, celebrities are often portrayed drinking heavily or in excess. This can be harmful to teens that pick up on these behaviors and think it is normal to drink excessively like their favorite celebrity. Often times, the celebrity is not the best role model, turning to drinking without realizing their fans, in large part teens, are watching and taking notes. Drug Abuse By Celebrities Almost every other day, a celebrity is in trouble with the law in terms of drug abuse or addiction. Teens see their favorite movie stars or singers doing drugs and they think they should too. Celebrities often cultivate behaviors that are bad, such as drug addiction, and make teens believe these lifestyles to be cool and exciting. Celebrity Influence On Teen Image Many teens become curious about their own image when they see their favorite singers or celebrities throughout magazines, TV shows or in films. Teens normally like to have a role model they can turn to for how to dress, look and act. However, these role models are not always cultivating the best body images and self esteem for teens and it’s important for you to recognize that. Teen Self Esteem When a teen is constantly inundated with picture perfect images of their favorite celebrities, they can often feel the weight of trying to live up to airbrushed images. Movie stars and musicians are often portrayed as perfect, which can in turn make a teenager feel inadequate. Self-esteems in teens can plummet if they are always faced with living up to such perfection. Teen Body Image The norm among celebrities when it comes to body image and weight is often super skinny and unrealistic. Teens that don’t look like their favorite celebrities often try to lose weight or dress like their celebrity role models. Problems such as anorexia and bulimia can develop when a teenager is trying to look like a celebrity. A teen’s perception of their own body image can often turn drastically different than it actually may be with a celebrity’s influence and it can be hard for you to feel as though you’re content to be who you are with those pressures; but you need to overcome those effects that celebrities have on you.

The Beginnings of World War 1 an Example of the Topic History Essays by

The Beginnings of World War 1 On June 28, 1914, Gavrilo Princip assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austrian throne, in Sarajevo. In the last week of July and the first week of August of that year, the First World War broke out, with Austria declaring war on Serbia, and Germany declaring war against Russia and France. It was a war that took the lives of 9 million soldiers and many more millions of innocent civilians. France, Russia, and the United Kingdom, with Italy and the United States joining them much later, fought the Austro-Hungarian empire, Germany, Bulgaria and Turkey (then Ottoman Empire), in a war to end all wars, as the First World War is called sometimes. The assassination in Sarajevo acted as a catalyst that set off the biggest war in the history until that time. In 1966, Vladimir Dedijer, a leading expert on the Sarajevo assassination, claimed that already over 3,000 books had been published what studied that fateful day (Hamilton & Herwig 2003). It was a tragic murder because of the consequences it led to. But the war had indeed long been building up, and most probably would have happened anyway even without any such assassination ever happening. Need essay sample on "The Beginnings of World War 1" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Just before the outbreak of World War I, the balance of power in Europe existed in two major political and military groups, the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente. The Triple Alliance contained Austria-Hungary, Germany and Italy (Chant 2002). The Triple entente consisted of France, Russia, and the United Kingdom. There was a strong element of militarism on both sides of the war. All the member countries on both sides had been building large armies and navies in the years before the war itself. They were eagerly preparing for the war, making perfect plans for army mobilization. This military build-up and preparedness existed in a climate of hatred that is based on nationalistic emotions. French were opposed to Germans, and Russians were opposed to the Austrians. Mainly in Germany, but elsewhere too, there were many nationalistic speeches and writings which talked about fighting a war in order to assert national superiority. Students Usually Tell EssayLab professionals:How much do I have to pay someone to write my assignment in time?Essay writer professionals recommend: Get Academic Writing At Reasonable Price With UsEssay Writing Help Service Buy Essay Online Cheap Top Essay Writing Cheap Essay Writing Service For about three weeks after the Sarajevo assassination, nothing much happened. But then Austria-Hungary started reacting (Duffy 2004). It thought that there was the hand of Serbian government behind the assassination and demanded Serbia the assassins and their groups be given over to it for punishment. Serbia did not like to be issued an ultimatum in that way, and went for the support of its ally Russia. Meanwhile, Austria-Hungary asked the support of Germany, in case Russia comes into picture. Germany wanted Austira-Hungary to go out on a war. Austria-Hungary then declared war on Serbia. And Russia started sending its huge army to support Serbia. For Germany it was an opportunity that it was waiting for, and it declared war on Russia on Aug 1. Since France was a close ally of Russia, it was brought in the war too. Germany declared war on France, and invaded Belgium in order to quickly reach Paris. Britain was on the side of France, and it declared war on Germany on August 4. The Bel gian King also appealed Britain for help. With Britain coming into the war, its several major colonies, like Australia, Canada, India, offered their full support to it. But the United States wanted to keep itself out of war, and did not take sides. It would remain neutral until almost the last year of the war. Japan had an agreement with Britain, and therefore it joined the side of Britain. Italy was the ally of Germany and Austria-Hungary. But it did not join the war until after several months. However, it joined the Allied forces of France and England against Germany. In the August of 1914 itself, the situation was quickly escalating beyond the worst expectations of anyone. In order to explain the complex deeper causes and roots of the Great War, historians have always looked into the European history of the 19th century. What began as a Balkan war exactly after one month after the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand became the First World War, within just a week (Williamson 1998) . In 1914, Europe was a civilized, prosperous, mostly content place. Then, following an assassination in an obscure capital of an obscure Balkan province, it suddenly started blowing itself up and tearing itself down.... It is a story of international politics crossing the line into world madness and collective suicide. (Axelrod 2000) One year on, in Aug 1 1915, the war was being fought on all Western, Eastern, and Southern with full intensity. The first major event to happen in the twentieth century, the First World War was crucial in shaping many fundamental aspects of the 20th century history. The international political scene after the war became completely different from the one before the war. Britain, which was the world's foremost superpower until then, started to decline, and America began to rise (pbs.org, 2004). Also, the road to Second World War started in the First World War. References: Axelrod. A. (2000). Complete Idiot's Guide to World War I. Indianapolis, IN : Alpha Books Chant, C. (2002). Austro Hungarian Aces of World War 1. Oxford : Osprey Publishing. Duffy, M. (2004). The Causes of World War One. Retrieved Nov 14 2006 from http://www.firstworldwar.com/origins/causes.htm Hamilton, R. F. & Herwig H. H. (2003). The Origins of World War I. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press Pbs.org. (2004). The Great War. Williamson, S.R. (1998). The Origins of the War. In, World War 1: A History, by H. Strachan. pp.9-25. Oxford University Press.

Korean Pop free essay sample

These kinds of dramas’ penetration through modern media brought about the Filipinos’ openness and awareness of the East Asian culture and its entertainment; the â€Å"Asian style† had been well-accepted. Filipinos were only drawn to Koreanovelas, especially when Boys over Flowers, the Korean version of Meteor Garden, was aired on Philippine television. However in early 2009, the *Korean Wave or *Hallyu Wave was born. The Korean wave includes the *viral spread of Korean shows, music and culture, basically, on the field of entertainment. It primarily established its name in the Philippines when Sandara Park, a Korean celebrity who began her career in the said country, debuted on a Korean girl group 2NE1. The response of the Filipinos was overwhelming. The single â€Å"Fire† was played everywhere and it indeed, captured the hearts of the Filipino masses. Later came Super Junior with â€Å"Sorry Sorry† and Wonder Girls with â€Å"Nobody. † It seems like language was not, and had never been, a barrier for fans of the Korean wave. We will write a custom essay sample on Korean Pop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Through its melody and catchy visuals, the Filipinos, especially the teenagers, perceived the Korean wave and accepted it. Since then, the Korean Wave, as a source of entertainment, has become urgency in Philippine media, satisfying *fandoms all over the country. After it created its name in the Philippines, Korean songs topped and stayed in music charts for weeks. Music companies circulated Korean albums in the country, which became best sellers in music stores. Asia Myx (2009) and Pop Myx: Korean pop Edition (2010) were launched in MYX channel2 as a response to KPop fans’ increasing hunger for *Korean pop media content. The year 2010 marked another milestone for the Korean pop fandom among Filipino teens. Numerous Korean pop groups like Shinee, 4minute, FT Island, Super Junior, U-kiss, Beast, Kim Hyunjoong, and Rain visited the Philippines to perform for their supporters, the Korean pop fandoms. Even little kids know how to dance Psy’s â€Å"Oppa Gangam Style,† which became an instant dance craze. Next year, on January, Girls’ Generation, EXO, Infinite, U-kiss and Tahiti are reported to perform at the Mall of Asia concert grounds. Tickets to the said show were released last Saturday and as expected, thousands of Filipino KPop fans struggled down their way to fulfillment. Fandoms are usually implied to be those crazy, raving fans, mostly female ones, who always stalk (in Korean pop vocabulary, *spazz) their Korean pop idols. They are usually thought of as obsessive, brainless and foolish people. People who criticize them just do not know how passionate these fandoms are. Although they are known for showing their support through watching their Korean pop idols and buying Korean pop merchandise, they go beyond than that; these fandoms also organize parties and charitable events to help the needy and at the same time, to mingle with their fellow KPop fans. Through this, it can be observed that Filipinos form these groups so that they can socialize with other people who also have the same inclinations, as demonstrated by the subculture of KPop fans, in the country, flamed by activities of fandoms. More than a recreation and hobby, for KPop fans, it is their happiness and fulfillment to support their idols. Through a brief research, it has been observed that the Korean wave is popular among many Filipino teenagers because it offers a fresh cultural aspect, encourages self-expression and serves as a psychological and social urgency. Significance of the Study This study was done primarily because of the researcher’s own interest in the subject matter. She was surprised to observe that the Korean Wave already established its name globally for only a short span of time. While she has her personal views and opinions regarding the explanation behind Korean pop’s popularity, she wants to further examine the reasons why Korean wave captured the hearts of other Filipino teenagers. This can aid to the expansion of KPop fans’ views on fandoms and themselves, which can also be helpful in tackling daily decisions in life. This study can also shed light to the negative connotation of being â€Å"brainless† fans for it will seek what it is beneath their obsessions. It can help them gain more confidence and self-expression. Through this, they may not feel neglected members of today’s society. It may even result to the understanding and appreciation for these KPop fans. The study’s findings could contribute to studies relating to media influence and its market. It can also establish the feasibility of the Philippines being a market site of Korean products, which will help KPop fans as well. These can result to good partnerships between the Korean and Philippine industry. Although the Korean Wave has been penetrating the Philippine cultural and entertainment industry, only few resources and studies have been found by the researcher regarding Korean pop and its popularity. The researcher hopes that this analysis can also help to further explore the effects of Korean wave to Filipino teenager fans. Scope of the Study The study focuses generally on the perceptions of different Filipino KPop fans, mostly on their teenage years. It is solely based from interviews made by the researcher and her resources. Although the study attempts to figure out the reason behind numerous Filipino KPop fans’ admiration and strong passion for Korean pop, it does not generalize all the views of the whole population. The study features the understanding and views of Filipino KPop fans not only on Korean Wave’s popularity but also on its embodied culture and benefits. Only three interviews and no surveys were conducted. The researcher interviewed three first year college students who are also Filipino KPop fans: Hysa Guarte and Chelsi Christine Tenorio, both 16 years old and Karren Grace Babiera, 17 years old. The Korean wave is popular among many Filipino teenagers because it offers a fresh cultural aspect, encourages self-expression and serves as a psychological urgency. † We, Filipinos, have our own taste of culture and entertainment. There is no doubt that we have one of the richest cultures in the world. Hospitability and respect, for example, is always exemplified in our actions . Through modern Philippine television shows, and other Filipino media, we express and give away our culture for other people to perceive and appreciate. This goes the same for the Koreans. The Koreans symbolize their culture and traditions through showing Korean dramas, mostly in the classical times and romance-comedy genre etc. Korean language is, of course, largely embedded to the Korean pop media. It also consists of Korean fashion, food, traditions, practices social views etc. This culture becomes the bond that instigates an attraction between the Korean Wave and its Filipino supporters. One of the aforementioned reasons why Filipino fans love and adore Korean pop is because it introduces and offers a new cultural aspect. Korean Pop free essay sample Abstract: This research paper explores the beginning of South Korean Pop music first emerging in the early 1900’s and becoming a global phenomenon. It examines the correlation between lyrical, acoustical values connected to facets of Korean values and cultural influences. The background of instruments, choreography and tempos are uniquely organized giving harmony to Korean music evolution. Lastly, Korean pop has different reactions globally, as its influences in media have both benefits and criticisms. Mirages of smoke appear from the ceiling as glittering confetti showers fall from the sky; audiences sing and dance along as the ground trembles like two tectonic plates colliding. For the first time, after decades from its origin in South Korea, K-pop has emerged as a global phenomenon. The beginnings of Korean pop can be traced back to as early as the late 1800’s. These first songs were based on popular western music; this type of music was called â€Å"changga. We will write a custom essay sample on Korean Pop or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † â€Å"The popularity and phenomenon of K-pop doesn’t start until the late 1990s, when Lee Soo Man formed SM Entertainment, South Korea’s largest entertainment agency† (Dara Ho June 1). During the 1800’s, these songs emphasized the Korean peoples feelings at the time, especially when there was Japanese rule and oppression, such as the song â€Å"Huimangga†, which translates to hope (Dora Ho June 1). Korean music, like American music is a sole reflection of the times, hardships, and feelings that Korean bands and artists express; in other words, these songs are an embodiment of how musicians feel. For example, in the popular song â€Å"Gangnam Style† by PSY, talks about Gangnam, one of the most affluent upper-class areas in all of South Korea. Gangnam is similar to Wall Street of New York, where the neighborhoods are full of wealthy, privileged people, who are seen monopolizing the country’s business and economical systems. Furthermore, Shinee a South Korean artist, writes songs about religion. In his song, â€Å"Lucifer†, he talks about the devil and how society and people are trapped in demonic spells, lust, and tricks created by him. From K-pop songs, we can see that religious traditions and teachings, such as avoiding the seven deadly sins, are prevalent. Also, previously mentioned, the lyrics expressed  in the song â€Å"Huimangga† show the feelings of Korean people about the rebellion at the time of Japanese imperial rule andoppression. Korean pop songs are extremely catchy, containing harmonious vocals and melodic beats, simultaneously paired with appealing dance choreography. This type of music is also identified hand in hand with Korean drama (genre of TV). Instruments used in K-pop are vastly similar to those used in Western Hip hop including: keyboards, violins, bass, and guitars. K-POP concerts and performances involve vibrant laser and blinding strobe effects, captivating a variety of audiences from teens to adults. What is interesting is that performers and artists learn a comprehensive amount of skills. â€Å"Trainees hone their voices†¦ shape their bodies through exercise and even study multiple languages, artists must go through rigorous training camps and auditions to gain a spot in the industry† (Dora Ho June 1). Long periods of rigorous training are intertwined with their culture because from a young age, Korean culture emphasizes the importance of education and academics. Notable are the number of criticisms that are associated with Korean Pop: its negative portrayal of beauty, and its mimicking western society. â€Å"K-pop slavishly copies from the boy, girl- band that began in the US 20 years ago and crossed-over to Japan†¦ K-pop is a blatant rip-off of successful foreign models and reflects depressingly widespread Korean ‘copy-culture’, where value comes from cloning not originality† (Kelly September 2012). K-pop is viewed as mimicking all of Western Society; it is seen as just cloning other genres of music, lacking originality. Bloggers like Kelly argue, â€Å"intellectual property and copyright are all ignored here.† Another perception of Korean Pop music is that it is hazardous and a plague to modern society. Men (masculine women) wear long dangling earrings, rings, and brightly colored neon-yellow shorts. According to Sinnott, observation from the etic perspective, it is seen that these males often have long highlighted-layered hair, arguing that the men are starting to resemble homosexual women. â€Å"This style of dress was ubiquitous of the nightclubs in Bangkok in 2009 that catered to young queer women†¦ Thai-language magazine frames K-pop style specially into an aesthetic for masculine-identifying women† (Megan Sinnott Dec 2012). This shows that this particular sense of subjective â€Å"questionable† male-style is dominating the globe in regions like China and even Thailand. The majority of K-pop bands and singers dress in a  flamboyant sense, and possess admirable traits such as: being tall, slender, attractive, and â€Å"flawless†. This brings forth the controversial topic of plastic surgery; in the past decade, South Koreans began engaging in plastic surgery. Globally, It’s generally believed that beauty is needed to succeed in the entertainment industry; you must be beautiful, meaning you must have the aforementioned features that define beauty (Jeannette Francis March 19). The popularity of plastic surgery has heightened to extremes in South Korean culture. It is perceived that â€Å"beauty† is not in the eye of the beholder, but there is a widespread belief in Korea that a person must be â€Å"beautiful† to succeed in life or to get potential marriage partners. There are even stories about girls receiving plastic surgery as graduation presents, arguably shaping a generation that is fake. â€Å"South Korea has the highest rate of cosmetic procedures per capita in the world. Some reports place the number of South Korean women who have had cosmetic procedure at one in five† (Jeannette Francis March 19). Subjective or not, it is without question, that this society is obsessed with looks and are vastly superficial. This perceived ideal of beauty is starting to affect many other societies, and could be a negative influence. Despite the negative criticisms placed on Korean Pop, it is an amazing catalyst for economic expansion and recognition for South Korean society. â€Å"Rain’s breakthrough into the US market †¦ â€Å"we’re targeting the global market. Rain’s too big for Asia† (SHIN Hyunjoon November 2009). As declared by Shin, Korean-pop has started to infiltrate the U.S, and even globalized in all of Asia around 2005. Rain, one of the notable Korean pop artists, appeared in Time Magazine’s top 100 Most Influential People, in as early as 2006. S.M entertainment, a music record company, has continued to receive positive trending gains in profits throughout the years. In 2008 profits were only 42.5 million; however, recently with PSY’s exposure, the revenues are exceeding 217 million dollars. In fact, it is approximated that revenues are nearly 7 billion dollars in the South Korean music industry alone. The taxes and revenue increases are a correlation of how well Korean society is doing compared to other countries. In Korea’s globalized society, there are now more culture clubs, organized in many areas of the world. This expansion has created more communities that unite for a specific purpose, to discuss  Korean Pop. During the past few months, Korean Pop music was on popular radio broadcast stations such as KIIS FM, and throughout multiple parts of the United States. An amazing change also affects South Korean culture, the rise of nationalism. â€Å" Since Korea has never enjoyed regional as well as international acclaim for its popular culture, the transitional recognition of its pop culture has become a point of national pride in Korea† (Jeong Suk Joo Nov 2011). This term is coined â€Å"pop nationalism.† Korean society is now using terms such as â€Å"Hallyu-wood†, the combination of the words Korean Wave and Hollywood. Koreans are celebrating their culture values and even creating a theme park similar to Hollywood with streets, hotels, and shops named after Korean stars. The government is encouraging exporting their cultural context to other parts of the world. â€Å" †¦ Indicate the localization strategy of transnational corporations in order to make their products more palatable to Asians by using Asian talents† (Jeong Suk Joo 2011). This promotes nationalism and ties in with South Korean economic growth as well. The most influential breakthrough is that South Korea, once a small country non-existent to the rest of the world, is now a global power. With its great influence in media and technological advances, it is definitely recognized with popular names such as: Hyundai and Samsung. Psy, a Korean pop icon, is breaking new ground with his upbeat song â€Å"Gangnam Style†, his music video passing one billion views on YouTube. This viral video has been globally recognized and gives him tremendous success. He appears on popular television shows such as Ellen DeGeneres. Park Geun Hye, President of South Korea, even called PSY patriotic! Without a doubt, South Korea’s pop culture reflects their cultural values and society. Now spreading like wildfire, talented artists like PSY are being called global phenomenon.

Gall Stones

Gall Stones GALLSTONES: What Are Gallstones? Gallstones are solid little balls that form in the gall bladder. Gallstones are created when bile substances, cholesterol and bile pigments, mainly,form together and create small odd shaped balls.The stones which form mainly from cholesterol are called cholesterol stones and account for 80% of stones found in the gall bladder. The other 20% of stones found in the gall bladder are Pigment stones. They are small, dark in color and are made of bilirubin and calcium salts. Factors that contribute to the development of pigment stones include, cirrhosis, biliary tract infections and hereditary blood cell disorders.Gallstones can be as small as a grain of sand, to as large as a golf ball. Depending on the case, and speed of development, the gall bladder may produce many small stones, thousands, or few, very large stones. Gall stones can also form at any amount in between, but for the most part, the more stones the smaller each one is.English: X-ray of organs during a laprasopic chole...

Compare and contrast mansa kankan musa with askiya muhammad ture as Assignment

Compare and contrast mansa kankan musa with askiya muhammad ture as rulers of their respective empires - Assignment Example Earlier on, between 1280 and 1337, another emperor had lived. He was the emperor of the wealthy Mali Empire. With a later reference to this man as Mansa Kankan Musa by the European and Arab scholars, he came to power as a deputy to the then emperor Abubakari II who decided to go on an expedition to explore the Atlantic Ocean but never came back. The first comparison is that the two were Muslims who welcomed the spread of Islam in the kingdom and built mosques everywhere for the people. In fact, Mansa Musa went for pilgrimage to mecca from time to time and when he came back, he ordered that all the five pillars of Islam be observed strictly by all the people. Askia Mohammed on the other hand, during his reign, made Islam the integral part of the empire to be observed by all the people in belonging to this great empire. Mansa came to a level of building mosques every Friday in the week so that all people could embrace the religion. The second similarity was that these two were traders and had a great commercial mind. Mansa traded his gold widely during his visits to Saudi Arabia and made himself known to the entire king along the way. However, he was not as commercialized as Askia because most of the gold he carried was based on philanthropic aid than exchanging with anything that he would take back to this kingdom. On the other hand, Askia Mohammed was a real trader. He expanded trade far and wide helping him expand the power and viability of his empire. Kankan Musa has been remembered for bringing order and peace in the empire, promoting trade and commerce. He practically made his empire to be known all over Europe for his use of gold. He developed the Mali Empire and made it an intellectual and economic center through attraction of Arab scholars for trade, religion and development. He also expanded his territory especially on his way to mecca. Similarly, Askia Mohammed expanded his empire from Tangaza in the north, all the way to Yatenga borders

Andrew Johnsons Impeachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Andrew Johnsons Impeachment - Essay Example His war against the Negro doesn't end there. In an act of pure bigotry, he has allowed a Southern radical group, named the Ku Klux Klan, to rape, beat, and lynch Negro men and women. Also, he has vetoed every single bill regarding civil rights for these disadvantaged people, whose only crime is he wear dark skin. For the white rebels, they are treated like kings! The President has pardoned many of the top Confederate officers and generals, allow former Confederate soldiers to vote without fully pledging allegiance to the Union, and other senseless acts. Now to top it off, the President blatantly and willfully broke the Tenure of Office Law, which requires all the President's cabinet members to be approved by a majority vote of Congress before they serve. My fellow Congressman, this is the straw that breaks the camel's back! I urge you to stand with me to impeach President Johnson, before he hand over the keys to the Union to those unremorseful, troublemaking rebels!

Macro economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Macro economics - Assignment Example High rates of inflation affect the output of the economy and influence the growth of the economy. A permanent or long lasting inflation shock affects the economy on a larger note. On the other hand, the continuous rate of deflation leads to a persistent decline of prices and affects the economy at large1;2. With this regard, the assignment elaborates the present issue of euro zone with respect to the below target inflation rate. The different consequences that may arise due to deflation have been elaborated in the paper. Furthermore, the different macroeconomic tools that are available to avoid such side effects have been detailed. Inflation rates that are prevalent within a country help in determining the different monetary policies important within an economy. Inflation rates help in determining various conceptions predominant for determining monetary policies of a nation. The monetary policies guide in developing different economic frameworks to be determined within an economy. The below target of inflation affects the economy on a whole and has a major impact on the output of a nation. The long run inflation targets are one of the major issues that help in determining the different economic operations of a nation. Inflation rates that are operating in a nation determine the interest rates and the value of money at large. Inflation rates can never be zero, as this would be highly unrealistic and would lead to a larger fall in the value of money within the economy. Both continuous rise and fall in the rate of inflation has adverse effects on overall economy of a nation. Below target inflation, for a continuo us rate may lead to a steep fall in GDP and even lead to a fall in the value of money3;4. With the above mentioned concepts, the below target inflation rate in the Eurozone has been lower than the estimated rate of inflation for a given tenure. This is even noted that the specific monetary as well as fiscal policies that are

National ID cards in the UK: Debates For and Against

National ID cards in the UK: Debates For and Against â€Å"Introducing National ID cards in the United Kingdom.† The concept of this scheme to introduce National ID card in the UK, is so that any legal citizen of the United Kingdom should be able to confirm their identity simply by producing this card and therefore prove their right to be within the UK without argument. It will do this by holding enough personal data to specifically identify a person as the individual they are claiming to be without question. You may wonder why the Government feel this a necessary action and it seems the main aim of this scheme is that the National ID card is ultimately intended to assist with law enforcement predominantly in relation to terrorism and organised crime. One of the main criteria for this scheme therefore, is that the cards should not be easily forged so that anyone wishing to flout the law could do so easily. These cards are only intended to hold basic data about a person, only enough to prove their identity. However it seems the definition of this ‘basic data’ seems somewhat ambiguous. Primarily, for example, it is intended that the card will only hold information regarding a persons name, address, date of birth and address etc. Scratch the surface however, and it seems that the actual proposal for the ID card embraces much more technologically sophisticated designs because, as previously stated, it aims to avoid being easily forged. Therefore it is intended that it will also hold ‘biometric data,’ that is to say, data that proves a much more physical individuality, such as fingerprint impressions or iris scans. It will do this through implementing the opportunities now made available to us through the ever advancing forms of ICT (Information and Communication Technology). All this in mind it seems the introduction of National ID cards within the United Kingdom seems to be one of the most politically sensitive topics around at this current moment, with people arguing both in support and opposition of the scheme, regarding whether it will protect or control us. In the aftermath of September the 11th we had perhaps become more aware than we had been previously, that we were vulnerable to attack from Terrorists who despised the Western Capitalist Culture such as that which exists both within the UK and America where the attack took place. It was a shock to thousands, if not millions of us all over the world, as we were humbled to witness the devastation that this attack, and attacks like it can cause. For those in support of the National ID card, they claim that terrorist attacks would mean that it would be much more problematic for a terrorist trying to initiate a plan via an assumed false identity because of the designs previously outlined. The idea is that the authorities would question them too vigorously once they inevitably failed to produce a valid ID card, and therefore be obstruct their terrorist strategies. Indeed one of the most adamant supporters of this argument is Mr David Blunkett who is quoted as saying; â€Å"The ability to prove ones identity reliably is an ever-more important aspect of modern life.† (www.publictechnology.net/modules) Indeed Mr Blunketts perspective on this issue is that it represents the answer to our living in fear of attack, as the cards are proposed to be so technologically advanced they will be impossible to forge. Whether this is a valid claim remains to be seen. In addition, the scheme is also seen as a solution to serious and organised crime with the UK and also seemingly much more everyday issues such assisting in the efficiency of public services. Bases persuasive techniques on the basis that those with nothing to hide will only benefit. From this we can see both what the National ID card is intended to be, and why the Government in the main, support this scheme, particularly in light of the ‘War Against Terrorism†. However as previously mentioned, the National ID card scheme is a sensitive current affair and does seem to be becoming an increasing Political Hot Potato with concerns raising particularly in relation to our Human Right to privacy and how these may possibly be infringed upon by advancing forms of ICT. Even though a person may have nothing to hide they may feel that the schemes enforces extra control over them rather than protecting them. Despite assurances from the Government that only very basic data will be held on these cards and that only the Government and ourselves (subject to the Data Protection Act 1998) will have a right to access the information, we are aware that in order to make these cards practically impossible to forge the link has to be made between sophisticated forms of ICT in order to incorporate features such iris scans and fingerprint impressions etc. As a consequence of this, the use of modern technology seems to have caused panic through an idea that we will become a society under the constant supervision of ‘Big Brother’ and that everyone could potentially know our business. In short, there is an opposition to the National ID card as it is suggested it will impact upon our civil rights to privacy, and that rather than the scheme being one to protect us, it would ultimately become one to control us in perhaps what could be identified as a communist trait and therefore undermine the very structure of our current Capitalist society. Indeed an entire website named say ‘No2ID and the Database State’ is based on the very foundation of this argument. In comparison to the Governments webpage (www.identitycards.gov.uk) of ‘frequently asked questions,’ which only briefly touches on the issue. Notably only one question on this page related to ICT specifically and that didn’t really address the concern of ICT exposing our business, rather it related only to defining biometric data; â€Å"A biometric is a unique identifying physical characteristic. Examples include facial recognition, iris patterns and fingerprints.†( www.identitycards.gov.uk) Basically it would seem that those in oppostion tend to be in fear because the design of the cards is intended to be so advanced that most of us will not be able to fully understand the extent to which we are monitored by this scheme. In essence there seems to be an almost operantly conditioned response amongst the opposition, based on previous experience that our human rights will be sacrificed against our will and thus demolish the UK’s characteristic liberal approach to civil rights and its Capitalist structure. For example, as recently as the 27th November 2005 it was revealed by the Mail on Sunday that the database for the Driver Vehicle and Licensing Agency (DVLA) is actually profiting by selling ‘our’ data to would be wheel clampers. The scenario being that for a small fee, car park attendants and wheel clampers could forward bills to motorists home addresses because they were provided with them by the DVLA. Indeed the DVLA were exposed as even allowing one wheel clamping company to purchase the information (for as little as  £2.50 per transaction) whose two bosses were actually already in prison for crimes of extorting money from the Motorist. From this we can see that even when respected organisations such as the DVLA are allowed to hold personal data on us we can sometimes be exploited in the pursuit of profit and therefore we can perhaps begin to understand the concerns arising over the National ID card. All this in mind, it is perhaps now relevant to apply this knowledge in order to assess how the scheme will affect the current structure of society within the UK. As a quick overview the UK exists as a Capitalist Society, which thrives on a democratic government and allows us our civil human rights such as the right to privacy. This would seem quite a positive description, especially in light of how civil rights have so vehemently been fought for in the past, particularly in relation to the movement to support the rights of black people that took place in America during the 1960’s. Indeed it is important to acknowledge that both those who support and oppose the scheme do so because they are fearful for the survival of that political societal structure, despite the extremities of approach to the topic i.e., 1. by believing the cards will protect us, or 2) that they will to undermine us. For those in support of the National ID card, it is perhaps a representation of reformism. Meaning that it seems to be an example of a Political Policy ‘whose object is to modify a political practice or aspect of social legislation without changing the fundamental political social structure.’ (Jary D Jary J, 1999) Yet for those in opposition that is not the case and the National ID would in fact change the fundamental political social structure. If as suggested by those in opposition to the scheme that we will become a ‘database state’ surely we are changing the fundamental political structure of our society as we seem to be relinquishing a great deal of our privacy in order to accommodate such concepts. The concern is that we may perhaps ‘sleep walk’ our way over to a more politically left / socialist standpoint and therefore sacrifice our Capitalist structure which arguably at this point in time defines the UK. If this is the case then we cou ld perhaps argue that the decision to defend ourselves against terrorists would in fact actually result in us allowing the terrorists to win, as the Capitalist structure would in fact wither naturally. One of the most prevalent characteristics of society within the United Kingdom is surely that of Capitalism, and indeed one of the main reasons we are vulnerable to terrorist attacks by organisations like Al-Qaeda who oppose it. Whilst there are variations to the definitions of Capitalism as it is notoriously difficult to define, it would seem that the rejection of centralised control is one of the most prevalent motivations of a Capitalist structure. If we were to take on board those, for example who adamantly profess to say No2ID, then we would arguably be acting in the interest on maintaining our social structure of a Capitalist state as they are rejecting avenues for an influx of databases that may ultimately result in a society which will exist via centralised control in this case through the medium of databases. What’s next providing babies with barcodes? What makes this topic so complex henceforth is that those who are on the other of the fence and support scheme such as Mr Blunkett are in fact motivated by this very same desire to preserve and protect our Capitalist state, and so it seems that this is one of the rare political topics that actually where the aim is actually agreed upon by the majority of the nation even if the method is disputed. As alluded to earlier all sorts of arguments exist in relation to the ID card and specifically the impact ICT. We might feel that we could be blinded by science and exploited. We might also be justified in feeling that our personal privacy would be exploited by corrupt people in power (as is alleged to have happened via the DVLA), however it is also felt a necessary ploy in order to avoid counterfeit duplication. All possibly valid arguments, however, what hasn’t been discussed is the actual practical application of this scheme. If, we were to embrace Mr Blunketts main reasoning for the scheme, then surely Police would be encouraged to stereotype and stop those who they felt could possibly be terrorists. In light of the threat from Al-Qaeda this is surely likely to result in a cultural divide, as they would likely stop Asian people thought to dominate the Islamic religion, rather than white people. In relation to the topic of the Civil Rights movement, mentioned earlier, we wo uld arguably be promoting a shift back towards racism. Since the UK is a place that manages to embrace aspects of Liberalism (a concept which promotes such tolerance of religion and personal and economic freedom) without challenging the Capitalism in society, the introduction of the ID card would arguably be a backlash against such positive traits and be quite disappointing. Whether in support of the ID card or in extreme opposition, it does seem that it is inevitable as talks persist and plans continue. It would seem that both sides of this argument have a substantial weight to them. However, change and diversity within society is surely inevitable. It’s surely what defines our history and characterises our culture. For the UK, it would seem that the National ID card will be one of those most significant changes to occur in the next few years. Yet surely it is better to evolve than remain in a static culture otherwise we would never advance. Surely a risk is worth taking even if we are not always in agreement or sure of the consequences. Bibliography Cushing, S (2001) Information and Communication Technology: London: Letts Educational Donnellan, C (2004) Protecting Our Privacy: Cambridge: MWL Print Group Jary, D Jary, J. (1999) Sociology: Leicester: HarperCollins Publishers Websites www.identitycards.gov.uk http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/3568468.stm www.news-from-newspapers.com/en/Wikipedia.org/2005/04/21/Capitalism.html http://www.no2id.net/ www.publictechnology.net/modules) http://www.spy.org.uk/spyblog/2005/11/ (Mail on Sunday 27th November 2005) http://www.timesonline.co.uk

Hypertext Games or Stories: Patchwork Girl Essay

Information or messages may be communicated in so many ways depending on the conditions inherent within the various situations or environments wherein the process of communication shall take place. Determining the various ways or means by which information or messages, particularly facts and realities, are communicated is extremely significant not only because important information embedded within truths or realities are instrumental in learning or gaining knowledge, but also because the information which represents facts and realities are valuable in making well-informed decisions, positive and constructive responses, behavior, and actions, and most importantly interaction. (Preston, 2001) Under these pretexts, the value of developing and identifying various tools of communication is vital for the purpose of facilitating the transfer of information timely and efficiently. The structure and content of information ranges from simple to complex, brief to extensive, specific to general, and so on. Due to this inherent feature of information which is compound and diverse, the rationale for developing varied communication tools is justified. (Albers, 2005) Therefore, the extreme importance attributed to the transfer of information and messages, particularly truths and realities, and the considerations regarding the complexity of the form or structure and content of information sets the stage for the development of various communication tools configured for various types of information and different venues or situations. Hypertexts A hypertext is one example of a virtual communication tool which was designed to facilitate the transfer of complex and comprehensive information. The hypertext was a form of technological innovation borne out of the emergence of the digital age – signaled by the development of computers and the engineering of the World Wide Web. The hypertext may be described as nonlinear, that which information is not presented flatly, like how one might obtain information by reading a book from one page to the other. A hypertext facilitates the access or transfer of information dynamically. (Reksten, 2000) The hypertext was structured in order to allow its users to access specific information directly without digesting the entire body of information. It organizes small lumps of information that go together based on the content and theme of information and places them on a separate node or link. This process of organizing information makes possible the retrieval of needed information directly and adequately. (Reksten, 2000) In light of the unique structure of hypertexts, as well as their purpose in communicating valuable information, its configuration or process of organization shall be analyzed in order to respond to the inquiry whether it is instrumental in relaying truths or realities through a game or a story. In order to explicitly resolve this inquiry, a type of hypertext shall be reviewed under the benchmarks aforementioned – that is, the Patchwork Girl. Patchwork Girl â€Å"Patchwork Girl,† an electronic piece of interactive literature, was created by Shelley Jackson. Through the digital software called the Storyspace, Jackson was able to put together the structure of â€Å"Patchwork Girl. † The realization of Jackson’s work was facilitated by Eastgate System’s publication of her digital creation. According to Jackson, the presupposition of â€Å"Patchwork Girl† was based on the novel by Mary Shelley, â€Å"Frankenstein,† and L. Frank Baum’s â€Å"Patchwork Girl of Oz. † In addition, other texts included in the â€Å"Patchwork Girl† were taken from the works or contributions of Donna Haraway, Jacques Derrida, and other icons of art and literature. (Schor, 2004) Jackson’s story runs like a puzzle wherein the 323 pages which constitute the story are put together by linking 462 links or nodes. Unlike books, the â€Å"Patchwork Girl† was not created chronologically although the pages which constitute a body of information with singular ideas form a unifying theme, such as characterization, the plot and the setting, the transition from one background to another, the development of the characters, and so on. Since the stories in the â€Å"Patchwork Girl† are divided into parts, the order of how these bodies of information are read depends upon the preference of the user. (Schor, 2004) Patchwork Girl: A Hypertext Story or Game? As previously discussed within the specification of this particular task, the primary difference between a story and a game is the process by which information or messages are conveyed and how they are perceived or developed through the reader or user’s involvement. Stories are well-organized from the beginning until the end. In addition, they are meant to be simply digested, thus interaction is muted. Since stories are determinedly structured, they are presented in detail but it does not support the formulation of new information because the contents of the story are already defined. On the other hand, games are not arranged chronologically. It facilitates the deep involvement of the user because the outcomes of the game depend upon the decisions and responses of the user. Therefore, the details are limited based on the input of the user. (Crawford, N. D. ) Based on the comparative information previously discussed about stories and games and the structure of â€Å"Patchwork Girl,† Jackson’s electronic literature may be considered both a story and a game. â€Å"Patchwork Girl† is a story because the sections or chapters were descriptive enough detailing the relationships between the characters, the conflicts, the setting, and so on. Moreover, the narratives are not determined by the user but were instead written undoubtedly through Jackson’s artistic perspectives and inputs. In addition, the â€Å"Patchwork Girl† followed a development of the characters and their interaction with each other as well as movement from one scene or setting to another if the parts or sections are to be taken collectively. On the other hand, â€Å"Patchwork Girl† is also a game because it allows the user to explore the structure of the story from different perspectives or viewpoints. For instance, â€Å"Seagoing† and â€Å"Seastance† talks about the feelings and emotions of the creature, while â€Å"Crazy Quilt† is from the various perspectives of the characters. Furthermore, â€Å"Patchwork Girl,† unlike the linear structure of the story, was not arranged chronologically although information or messages were organized based on the theme. This creates the interaction between the user and the hypertext because the user is provided with new information every time a link or a node is visited, although the outcomes of joining the links or nodes together are not determined by the preferences of the user. By and large, â€Å"Patchwork Girl† is a story because it is patterned as a narrative wherein the flow of the story is fixed and the relationship between the characters are established, as well as the cause and effect aspect of the relationships. It is also a game because the story was not arranged chronologically as a linear piece of literature would ideally be and the fragmented parts of the story sets the pace allowing the user to experience excitement and to explore the relationships between the characters dynamically. In addition, if the user accesses a link or a node, new information or message or revealed in order to complete the puzzle, that is the entirety of Jackson’s â€Å"Patchwork Girl. † Conclusion As exhibited by the technology used to create the â€Å"Patchwork Girl,† the development of varied tools for communication is significant in order to create means by which truths or realities are to be communicated effectively. In addition, the complexity or diversity of types of information makes it difficult to transfer information as it is, thus, the development of communication strategies. Due to the emergence of technology, communication strategies were expanded to include digital or electronic softwares or applications for various reasons. For some, technology facilitates the fast or timely transfer of information, while other individuals consider technology as a means to easily organize and create information, and so on. In the case of the â€Å"Patchwork Girl,† technology was used in order to create a hypertext that organizes information, while at the same time diversifies it in order to facilitate the conventional (story type) yet dynamic and interactive (game type) transfer of information or messages. Overall, innovation was used through the technology of hypertext in order to create a piece of literature which distances itself from linearity and tediousness but integrates the significant aspects of the story type, such as the distinct presentation of information, and the game type, such as the interactive means of relaying information, in order for the author to convey his artistic and creative beliefs and ideas, but at the same time allow the readers to become active receivers of information to facilitate interaction, which constitutes the true essence of communication. Furthermore, diversifying the structure of communication tools facilitates the resolution of problems attributed to poor strategies or techniques of information which hinders the receipt of the whole text or information. In â€Å"Patchwork Girl,† the story was redefined by making it interactive in order to draw the attention of the readers and place them within a situation which allows them to be highly involved and committed. Under these pretexts, we realize how the study of various types of information and tools of communication, including the hypertext, is necessary in order to determine how information is best delivered or communicated to readers. The structure of the â€Å"Patchwork Girl† endorses the importance of dynamic and interactive communication. References Albers, M. J. (2005). Communication of Complex Information: User Goals and Information Needs for Dynamic Web Information. New York, NY: Routledge. Crawford, C. (N. D. ) The Art of Computer Game Design. Retrieved 09 Apr 2009, from Washington State University. Website: http://www. vancouver. wsu. edu/fac/peabody/game-book/Chapter1. html Preston, P. (2001). Reshaping Communications: Technology, Information, and Social Change. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. Reksten, L. E. (2000). Using Technology to Increasing Student Learning. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Schor, E. H. (2004). The Cambridge Companion to Mary Shelley. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Collective Work

From the literature review, discussions and responses, several conclusions can be reached at. To begin, the industry incorporates the employees in the development plans which are very instrumental in achieving the goals. Success is realized because of the team work and collaboration made together. Collective work makes the employees to be encouraged and feel part of the company. They work in solidarity and one is cared for in every realm. Everyone feel motivated and working to achiever the set objectives are met within the stipulated time. The motivation of workers is very pivotal in the industry because it enables the team to be in solidarity thus making them realize their goals.Service delivery is also an important factor that the industry should look into. Ensuring that the clients get the best services make them feel encouraged and yearn to be served continuously. Morriot hotel is rated among the best in the United Kingdom and the services provided are of high standards. The employees are also motivated in the sense that they feel appreciated when they offer effective service to their clients. On the other hand, the industry gets good reputation by offering the best they can hence making them to retain their clients. Gender sharing of employees at Marriot hotels in the UK is realized that the females are higher than males. The females are approximately at fifty two percent while the rest of the percentage is for feminine. By age, the employees are generally young age wise because nearly eighty four percent are of forty eight years and below. In this plinth, it means that the workers have a lot of energy to provide quality services to the industry. Also, most of the employees can engage most of their times in ensuring that the output is of high quality. The only challenge herein is that the young workers do not feel the importance of consulting old men. They feel to be all round in anything they do, hence resulting to some hitches during times of work. Another important factor to note here is that close to sixty five of the employees have levels of education higher than the college level. High level of education is very important in any working set up. Morrion hotel receives clients from every part of the globe and having workers who are not vast linguistically can easily lead to its mess. Therefore, employing workers who are qualified help the managers in many areas. The staff can easily converse in a friendly way with foreigners without any difficulty. On the other hand, it enables easy flow of work in the industry because one easily understands his or her role as a professional as opposed to a situation where high population of the staff members is not learned. Employees' job retention has also been realized to be an important factor since it helps in improving the output of the company. Paying good wages to the employees, providing job security and allowing them to advance enable the workers to acquire more skills that give quality output in return. By allowing them to advance in their areas of specialization, they get additional experiences that enable them to work proficiently, hence providing the services which are liked by the clients. At Marrion hotel, the workers are given an offer to pursue higher learning in their areas of specialization. This gives them an additional experience in their line of duties and as well as increasing their salary scale. After education, they can still be absorbed back to be part of the staff. When the employees are motivated through these, they work extra hard to realize the set goals and objectives. Competency based pay help in promoting the needs of the employees` experience and this encourages their career development due to their conclusion of their education. It also enables them to take high ranks in accomplishing their responsibilities. Another positive aspect realized is on empowerment. Because of the good channel of communication in the industry, the employees are taken care of in every circumstance. The problems that they raise are taken with a lot of seriousness and eventually acted upon. Also, they are free to share with the stake holders on their areas of difficulties and improvement done where necessary. They share with the administration their views that can help improve the performance of the company and because of the togetherness that they have, the company is free to make the adjustment brings success to the both of them. In light of this, the industry act on some of the suggestion that is put forward by employees because they plan a very pivotal role in the success of the company. Morriot hotel attract so many investors. The five other hotels created in the recent past have made more economical advancement in the area. In this plinth, a lot of clients come all over the state and even outside to enjoy the services. The tourist sector have greatly benefited from the industry since their clients are well taken care of. A lot of job opportunities have been created and a lot of young people are able to work and support them economically. It has reduced the time of idleness and laxity among young people too. However, the rate at which foreign investors have ventured into the industry is wanting. The foreigners have invested much in the area that the locals. In this case, the locals find it difficult in getting job opportunities. Foreigners have a lot of skills that generate a lot input in the hotels that makes them perform well in terms of service delivery. In as much as foreigners would be providing quality services, it would be prudent for the government and the industry sector to control the number of foreign employees so that the local citizens can get employed. The rate at which foreign employees are paid is also higher as opposed to local workers. The management should regulate the payment rate so that both of them benefit from the work they do. RecommendationsWhile carrying out the research, it is eminent that the questionnaires were written in English. In as much as there were translators who could decode them to the local languages, it would be prudent if they are also availed in the local languages so that those who are not well versed with English also answer the questions with ease. Filling in questionnaires require confidentiality, some people may not feel comfortable answering the forms under the guidance of other people, and they may end up giving wrong results. On the same note, the industry should be at a position of convincing all everyone they come across to fill the questionnaires so that a substantial feedback is obtained. The analysis made put it clear that females are of high population than men at Morrion hotel. This implies that their services are well accepted by the clients than that of men. Women are quicker in preparation of food as well addressing the clients. They use friendly languages that make the clients come again and again. In motivational factors, they are motivated the same way. The same way men are appreciated is the same way; the females are also taken care of. However, the motivation policy states that he who works hard should be appreciated more as opposed to one who does less. In this dictum, it would be wise if the industry looks into this so that the hard work done by women are appreciated well. The government and the industry should also control the number of foreign employees. The fact that they deliver quality services may have a negative impact to job opportunities to the locals. When a lot of job opportunities are spread to the foreigners, the locals do get opportunities to work in their own nation. Because of this, they end up into malpractices that ruin their lives eventually. Also, there should equivalency in the distribution of jobs. Marrion hotels have high of their population at college level and above. There are some workers who might be having the experience and because they have not attained the colleges and universities, it becomes very difficult to them to be absorbed in the hotels. For this case therefore, the industry resort to the foreigners. It would be very vital if such cases are considered so that such potential are absorbed among the staff and through interaction by other members, they advance and become more proficient. In adherence to the above recommendation and other input addressed, Morrion hotel will be rated the best in the United Kingdom. With the world statistical analysis, it is among the best serving hotels. Many would like to be associated with the hotels. The geographical location of the area is also suitable and can be easily accessed by many. Tourists come all over the world to visit the area. In this regard, the adjustments should make on the areas that might be resulting to loopholes. In case the corrections can be made, Marrion hotels will be one of the best in the United Kingdom and the world at large. Lastly, the government should cheap in to help the industry in providing resources so as to make the hotel more attractive because it earns a lot of revenue to the UK government.

Nora Helmer of A Dolls House, a Play by Henrik Ibsen

Nora Helmer of 'A Doll's House,' a Play by Henrik Ibsen One of the most complex characters of 19th-century drama, Nora Helmer prances about in the first act, behaves desperately in the second, and gains a stark sense of reality during the finale of Henrik Ibsens  A Dolls House. In the beginning, Nora exhibits many childish qualities. The audience first sees her when she returns from a seemingly extravagant Christmas shopping excursion. She eats a few desserts which she has secretly purchased. When her condescending husband, Torvald Helmer, asks if she has been sneaking macaroons, she denies it wholeheartedly. With this minor act of deception, the audience learns that Nora is quite capable of lying. She is most child-like when she interacts with her husband. She behaves playfully yet obediently in his presence, always coaxing favors from him instead of communicating as equals. Torvald gently chides Nora throughout the play, and Nora good-naturedly responds to his critics as though she were some loyal pet. Nora Helmers Clever Side However, Nora has been leading a double life. She has not been thoughtlessly spending their money. Rather, she has been scrimping and saving to pay off a secret debt. Years ago, when her husband became ill, Nora forged her fathers signature to receive a loan to save Torvalds life. The fact that she never told Torvald about this arrangement reveals several aspects of her character. For one, the audience no longer sees Nora as the sheltered, care-free wife of an attorney. She knows what it means to struggle and take risks. In addition, the act of concealing the ill-gotten loan signifies Noras independent streak. She is proud of the sacrifice she has made. Although she says nothing to Torvald, she brags about her actions with her old friend, Mrs. Linde, the first chance she gets.  Basically, she believes that her husband would undergo just as many hardships, if not more, for her sake. However, her perception of her husbands devotion is quite misplaced. Desperation Sets In When the disgruntled Nils Krogstad threatens to reveal the truth about her forgery, Nora realizes that she has potentially scandalized Torvald Helmers good name. She begins to question her own morality, something she has never done before. Did she do something wrong? Were her actions appropriate, under the circumstances? Will the courts convict her? Is she an improper wife? Is she a terrible mother? Nora contemplates suicide in order to eliminate the dishonor she has wrought upon her family. She also hopes to prevent Torvald from sacrificing himself and going to prison in order to save her from persecution. Yet, it remains debatable as to whether or not she would truly follow through and jump into the icy river. Krogstad doubts her ability. Also, during the climactic scene in Act Three, Nora seems to stall before running out into the night to end her life. Torvald stops her all too easily, perhaps because she knows that, deep down, she wants to be saved. Nora Helmers Transformation Noras epiphany occurs when the truth is finally revealed. As Torvald unleashes his disgust towards Nora and her crime of forgery, the protagonist realizes that her husband is a very different person than she once believed. Torvald has no intention of taking the blame for Noras crime. She thought for certain that he would selflessly give up everything for her. When he fails to do this, she accepts the fact that their marriage has been an illusion. Their false devotion has been merely playacting. She has been his child-wife and his doll. The monologue in which she calmly confronts Torvald serves as one of Ibsens finest literary moments. The Controversial Ending of A Dolls House Since the premiere of Ibsens A Dolls House, much has been discussed regarding the final controversial scene. Why does Nora leave not only Torvald but her children as well? Many critics and theater-goers questioned the morality of the plays resolution. In fact, some productions in Germany refused to produce the original ending. Ibsen acquiesced and grudgingly wrote an alternate ending in which Nora breaks down and cries, deciding to stay, but only for her childrens sake. Some argue that Nora leaves her home purely because she is selfish. She does not want to forgive Torvald. She would rather start another life than try to fix her existing one. Or perhaps she feels that Torvald was right, that she is a child who knows nothing of the world. Since she knows so little about herself or society, she feels that she is an inadequate mother and wife. She leaves the children because she feels it is for their benefit, painful as it may be to her. Nora Helmers last words are hopeful, yet her final action is less optimistic. She leaves Torvald explaining that there is a slight chance they could become man and wife once again, but only if a Miracle of miracles occurred. This gives Torvald a brief ray of hope. However, just as he repeats Noras notion of miracles, his wife exits and slams the door, symbolizing the finality of their relationship.

Concept of Managing Teams at the Workplace

Concept of Managing Teams at the Workplace Introduction The concept of teamwork at the workplace is practiced in many organizations. A team can be described as a group of people who depend on each other for skills and resources to enable them achieve a specific objective. Managers need special skills to manage various employees in the organization to enable them collaborate on specific tasks to achieve positive results. Managers need to make all their employees resourceful to ensure their output brings positive returns to the organization.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Concept of Managing Teams at the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Concept of Teams Managers should realize that teams are formed to achieve a collective objective where all members depend on each other to achieve it. Team members need to be given freedom to make their own decisions. This approach makes all members of a team to tolerate different opinions put forward by their collea gues. All employees in an organization have different personalities and this has an impact on the way they share ideas (Burke and Cooper 57). Managers should structure their teams to accommodate all types of personality profiles to make them diverse and competent. Teamwork helps organizations to achieve key goals which are part of their long term strategies. Effective team managemen helps business organizations to come up with new ideas which make them stay competitive in their chosen industries. Employees who are skilled in a variety of disciplines enable firm stay ahead of its competitors because they share their knowledge and skills with each other. Managers need to monitor their teams to ensure their activities are in line with the firm’s strategic goals (Heneman and Greenberger). A manager should not interfere needlessly in team operations as this will affect the ability of members to think on their own. Conditions That Determine Team Success Managers need to know that t here are several conditions which determine the success of workplace teams. The design of work place teams should conform to the overall context in which the organization transacts to make team members’ contributions valid and beneficial. The organizational culture should make team members more open to acquire new skills and information from each other to enable them move forward in a positive direction. The knowledge acquired through collaboration between team members improves their ability to make decisions which have a bearing on the firm’s operations (Evans and Lindsay 97). Therefore, managers need to encourage team members to learn from one another to enable them stay focused on their objectives. Team members need to be open with each other to build strong relationships to make their team cohesive and progressive.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Team members need to learn conflict resolution and problem solving skills for them to be well prepared to deal with any challenges which may come their way. All members within a team should be willing to compromise so as to build consensus when making crucial decisions. Open communication between members enables them to set clear goals and how they are to be achieved. Team members should share tasks between them so that everyone is allocated a specific responsibility to ensure that each individual acquires crucial knowledge on what needs to be done. Team leaders should help members set goals and monitor their performance (Jackson, Schuler and Werner 83). Therefore, this enables members to develop standards which guide their partipation within the team. Building a Cohesive Team It is important for activities which are done by work teams to be well coordinated. A workplace team needs to be productive to make it achieve its goals within stipulated time limits. Members should work well with each other to achieve their expectations. Tasks to be performed by each member should be well defined and aligned to strategic goals in the organization. It is necessary for managers to decide how much decision making power teams should have in the beginning before they begin working on specific tasks. This will ensure that decisions made by team members are practical to make them easy to implement (Parker 45). Work place teams need to accommodate different employees and their skills to make them effective. Members of work place teams need to come up with common codes of conduct, which they all must abide by. Codes of conduct help to maintain discipline in all procedures members are involved in to ensure they are in line with organizational expectations. Workplace teams need to do tasks which are well defined to make members more focused on what they need to achieve. Members need to prioritize on the most important issues that need to be addressed which impact on internal oper ations within the organization (Sims 104). It is necessary for team members to make decisions which are only influenced by facts and not personal opinions. In conclusion, workplace teams need to have creative members to ensure that they generate new ideas which impact positively on internal operations in the firm. All members should be assessed on their abilities to determine their contribution to the team. They should also be encouraged to participate in team work as this is the only they can learn new ideas.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Concept of Managing Teams at the Workplace specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Burke, Ronald J., and Cary L. Cooper. Reinventing Human Resources Management: Challenges And New Directions. New York: Routledge, 2005. Print. Evans, James Robert, and William M. Lindsay. Managing for Quality and Performance Excellence. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2008. Print. Heneman, Robert L. , and David B. Greenberger. Human Resource Management in Virtual Organizations. London: Information Age Publishing, 2002.Print Jackson, Susan E., Randall S. Schuler, and Steve Werner. Managing Human Resources. Mason: Cengage Learning, 2011. Print. Parker, Glenn M. Team Players and Teamwork: New Strategies for Developing Successful Collaboration. New York, NY: Wiley, 2011. Print. Sims, Ronald. Organizational Success Through Effective Human Resources Management. New York : Greenwood, 2002. Print.

Contemporary Cinema Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Contemporary Cinema - Essay Example New roles are now defined with a working mother, a father and a child. The mother is no longer just a stay at home mom but she is now an equal bread winner (Coontz, 2000). Even though family roles have shifted considerably, the theme of childhood and family has remained fairly prevalent in movies over the years. What we see on screens is either what was, or what is in terms of family roles and behavior. Even the best of fiction needs a base on which to build upon. As Gillis (1996) observed, family life is the new form of entertainment in the modern world. All parts of family pervade the movie scene and it would seem that the modern script writer is always on the lookout for new stories to base a new movie on. It’s no longer debatable that the themes of family and childhood permeate contemporary film today. However, what is often not considered is just how much these themes permeate contemporary cinema. Inflation, urban sprawl and population increase in the early 1990s is what likely pushed stay at home moms to the market place (Dryden, 1999). This paradigm shift was also translated into film as seen in the introduction of working mothers as opposed to the stay at home mothers. The working class women betrayed the traditional loyalty to their husbands since they were no longer the sole bread winners. These women started to compete with their men on various family issues. Men felt a bruise on their egos and reacted with violence, as seen in The Burning Bed (1984). This marked the origin of domestic violence in cinemas. Marriages started to break up and children had to be raised by their step fathers and step mothers. These children were shown to lack proper guidance from their half parents and adopted bad behaviors and became violent as well. In 1996, the US government did a survey on the characteristics of the modern day family and the findings were grave. The research concluded that there had been serious anti-family downward

The Role and Respoinsiblities of the Selling Department Manager Essay - 1

The Role and Respoinsiblities of the Selling Department Manager - Essay Example This led to my choice of this firm to base my study on. Before joining Macy’s, the interviewee had earlier on worked for another company as an employee. While at the Macy’s the interviewee worked in the retail section, where she was elevated to the managerial level and headed the makeup counter. She was responsible for selling make ups in both companies she worked for. The interviewee was hired on the basis of her previous experience since she had earlier on worked for another cosmetics company. Mostly, for one to hold a managerial position in an organization, it is apparent that he or she is well educated. This means that the lowest educational level a person can have is at least a bachelor’s degree, accompanied with relevant work experience (Trehan & Trehan, 165). This is because management deals with running a segment of a business, which can be complex if one does not have the adequate knowledge and skills required. According to the interviewee, her typical career path was directed towards sales and marketing. Apparently, a career path is an individual’s choice. This is mostly influenced by an individual’s hobbies and not what one has studied in college or whatever level of his or her studies. Job responsibilities and duties are mostly set up by the firm offering the placement. These are the tasks one is supposed to carry one once hired. The interviewee, being in the position of a manager at a selling department, she was charged with the coordination and running of the department and at one point, she was involved in actual selling. The interviewee disclosed that the amount of salary paid was a discussion between her and the firm during the interview. It crucial for a person to discuss the expected salary with the employer before accepting an offer for the job. This makes it clear to the employee on what to expect in terms of remunerations and any other benefits that may form part of

IPods & the American Teenager Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IPods & the American Teenager - Research Paper Example or nano, this particular product continues to innovate and thus has maintained its supreme position at the helm of the personal listening device field. With bright new flashy skins, as well as a series of interfaces which tie directly into the Apple network, the innovation of the iPod continues and has ensured that this product remains at the forefront of an ever-changing industry. Teenagers are the primary audience for Apple’s strategic marketing campaigns as they are also an important buying demographic unencumbered by major financial obligations. Teenagers are the demographic who may be able to afford to spend $250 on the latest iPod or the accessories associated with the latest personal mp3 player. Because teenagers often have more disposable and non-discretionary income than most other demographic groups, they have been the target audience for the iPod since it was released. Importantly, Apple Computer has added new video capabilities of the iPods. How will this impact th e American teenager? (Levy 44-60). iPods originated as personal listening devices more than eight years ago and there have been many changes associated with this particular product. Apple Computer has always been at the forefront of innovative change in a competitive industry and the iPod remains a product which is continuing to evolve. Through its many endeavors, Apple has successful appealed to a young generation of technically savvy teenagers intent on being in the forefront of fashion, music and technological innovation. Through the introduction of the sleek Apple personal computer to the iPod, iTouch and now the iPhone, Apple has consistently staked a claim for its specific demographic. Apple remains at the forefront of the digital revolution and the latest edition of the iPod is its next natural progression in the increasingly popular hand-held personal music device industry. The decision by Apple Computer to add a new video capability to its iPod will have a variety of

Intelligence Led-Policing Essay Example for Free

Intelligence Led-Policing Essay The police institution has undergone major changes aimed at rebuilding its public. These changes date back to aggressive cops to the modern day police whose are guided by the rule of law (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 3). Introduced in the late 20th century, community policing focused on restoration of police legitimacy through community participation. It aimed at re-connecting the police institution to the public (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 4). Various researches indicate that it failed to provide measurable results. Consequently other models including problem oriented policing, Compstat and most recently, intelligence based policing (ILP) have emerged. Problem oriented policing involves use of statistical trends in identification of areas of interest. Compstat on the other hand focuses on empowerment of middle level officers to rapidly respond to crime. Basically it involves crime mapping, viewing and discussion. The most recent, ILP is an initiative at making the police smarter. It is founded on the use of criminal intelligence by the police in fighting crime (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 6). Emerging as a rare and unique initiative that attempts at understanding criminal environments and thus predict its occurrence and trends, the initiative is increasingly gaining popularity. Unlike the other models, ILP does not favor the popular reactive and investigate approaches in fighting crime but rather focuses on early identification hence prevention (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 6). It ensures that police actions are based on intelligence rather than intuition. ILP emerges as an alternative in organizational restructuring towards crime eradication. It is a result of changing crime faces and the transnational crime emergence alongside globalization, electronic financial transactions and internet in addition to police demand gap and failures of the existing policing models (Ratcliffe, 2003, p 6). The major similarity of this model to the previous models is the cause. Each aims to reduce crime marginal through either prevention or reactionary techniques. However, the approaches the take differ enormously. While the earlier models focused on either reacting to crime or cause identification, this model focuses on understanding the crime and the criminal mind as the basis for criminal fight.